I'm reading a scientific journal article in German from March 1941 by someone in Hungary. He uses heavy water. What is the history behind this paper, or more generally, how was scienctific research and publication in Europe affected by the war?

by shniken

Its fascinating on many levels.

Here is the paper, you may or may not be able to access it: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF01668876?LI=true

It is published in a German journal (Zeitschrift für Physik) that was quite famous. It is about the spectroscopy of the C-D molecule (a carbon bonded to one deuterium atom, a radical), made from graphite and heavy water (D2O). They wouldn't need much of it but still, they had access to it at a time when heavy water was of huge importance.

It was written by a L. Gerö, from Budapest, presumably he was Hungarian. He has quite a few papers from before and after the war on electronic spectroscopy.. Coincidently, he has the same surname as Ernő Gerő, a Jewish communist from Hungary...

It is interesting that at this time, in this place such research was still occurring and being published, although I presume it wasn't widely availble. Any more information about the author and his research would be really interesting.

edit: I can't read German well, but I'm using the numbers in the paper..

vonEtienne

The author in question is Lóránd Gerő, a 1910-born Hungarian mechanical engineer. He isn't remembered at all and I could only find a few liner biography of him. He was apparently a very bright student, and finished his phd dissertation at age of 25 about new techniques in molecular spectroscopy. Sadly he died in 1945 in a Soviet work camp which likely explains the little information on him.

As for heavy water, the thing here you have to see is scale. Making heavy water was a rather routine thing by the mid-30s and beyond. It was accomplished by electrolysing water in multiple stages. It's very energy-intensive process, but thats how Norsk Hydro did it too. I'm not big on chemistry but id imagine making enough for laboratory experiments wasn't a big deal. Thing about DO2 and nuclear weapon research is that the Germans needed tonnes, not gramms you'd make in a lab setting.

I can't comment much on how war affects scientific publication as I'm no expert on the topic, but there's two points I can add here: First, Hungary wasn't a war participant in 1941 March yet. Second, war certainly has an impact: "In 1940–42, Georgy Flyorov, a Russian physicist serving as an officer in the Soviet Air Force, noted that despite progress in other areas of physics, the German, British, and American scientists had ceased publishing papers on nuclear science; clearly they each had active secret research programs"