I'll try to answer your question, Sorry if it doesn't satisfy you. In my answer i will primarily address the refugee problem in the aftermath of Crimean War and the 1877 Russo-Turkish War
Aftermath of the Crimean War
Between 1856 and 1864 saw the expulsion of roughly 520,000 Caucasian Muslims and 300,000 Tatars to the Ottoman Empire. Ottoman authorities more or less welcomed these migrants as potential settlers and soldiers and to deal with them, the Ottoman government instituted the Refugee code of 1857, whereby immigrant families and groups with only a minimum amount of capital were given plots of state land with exemptions from taxes and conscription obligations for 6 years if they settled in Rumelia (Ottoman Balkans) and for 12 years if they settled in Anatolia. They had to agree to cultivate the land and not to sell or leave it for 15 to 20 years. They were also promised freedom of religion, whatever their faith, and were permitted to construct their own places of worship.
The Ottoman government sought this policy to cultivate vacant untilled lands primarily in Anatolia and Syria and to cope with the logistical problems caused by the migrants, as the cities could not cope with these large surges of migrants and needed to move them out and into the countryside where they could be settled as farmers and become self-sufficient. For example, In Eastern Anatolia, Cilicia, and in the Syrian province Ottoman authorities provided migrants-turned-settlers 70 donums (around 17 acres) of land, seeds, draft animals, and a sum of money to start farming and were prohibited to sell their land for 15 years to make sure these rural areas remained inhabited and to give time for the newcomers to adapt and acclimatise. As the numbers of migrants are slowly rising, the Ottoman government established the new Department of Tribes and Refugees to cope out with increasing requests of 1857 code and to coordinate the feeding, clothing, and sheltering of the migrants until they are settled. Despite the early inadequacies of this newly created organization and the overwhelming numbers of migrants, those who survived the journey were initially given new agricultural lands and homes in Rumelia, Anatolia, and Syria. This method of resettlement will be the base method of the Ottoman government in dealing with more migrants to come
Aftermath of the Russo-Turkish War
After the war of 1877, The Ottoman government found themselves with not only Muslim and Jewish refugees from Bulgaria and The Caucasus, but also uprooted Tatar and Caucasian settlers in Rumelia as Russia and other European powers insisted that the Circassians should all be expelled from the European provinces of the Ottoman Empire. The Ottomans who were still at war is incapable of dealing with the rather huge numbers of refugees and thousands died of starvation and diseases. After the war ended, the Ottomans started resettling surviving Bulgarian migrants primarily in Rumelia. Some policy changes from the 1857 code were also enacted, for example the Ottoman government now permit the construction of new migrant districts in the neighbourhoods of towns and cities as productive land or areas not associated with malarial outbreak at the time became difficult to locate for migrant resettlement, cutting back material and land grants for settlers, and reducing the land-selling prohibition to 10 years. Around 500,000 refugees from Bulgaria were settled in the Ottoman Empire by 1879.
Refugees from The Caucasus like the Laz people resettled in Anatolia only received lands, but not much else and had to find seed grains and farming equipments by themselves. More often than not villagers were forced to donate money or seeds to Caucasian refugees by Ottoman authorities to assist the resettlement of these refugees. Circassians and Chechnyan refugees, especially the ones uprooted from Bulgaria were relocated to Syrian frontier districts as a part of Ottoman policies in reclaiming control of lands from local Bedouins. They were known as fierce warriors, so they often relocated to lands contested by Bedouin pastoralists as Circassian settlers were able and willing to protect their farm and families from Bedouin marauders. Ottoman authorities also deliberately relocated some Circassian settlers to turbulent lands so that they could assist in subduing local feuds like in Jaulan Heights near Druze settlement in Mount Hermon. There were numerous recorded disputes, of which the Circassians were generally the victors, partially because they were impressive fighters, but also because the Ottoman authorities generally took their side. Many of these Circassian settlers would also later joined the Ottoman military or local gendarmes. By the Early 20th century, the Circassian and Chechnyan communities were well established in Anatolia and the Syrian provinces of the Ottoman Empire.
Sources:
"Refugees, Exiles, And Other Forced Migrants in Late Ottoman Empire" by Dawn Chatty
"Death and Exile: Ethnic Cleansing of Ottoman Muslims, 1821-1922" by Justin McCarthy