So I know that in the early Middle Ages the turks lived in Central Asian steppe. Around XIII century I think, they migrated to Anatolia (Sultanate of Rüm, Ottomans etc).
I would like to know the details of the whole process. When exactly this happened, why (were they only seeking rich byzantine land, was there any migration pressure like with the Hunes...?) and how exactly they "transfered" most of their nation to a relatively distant place.
Sorry for possible grammatical errors and thanks beforehand.
When
between late 1000s and early 1300s
why
There were several factors triggering Oghuz migration into Anatolia.
1- Pasture lands (compared to Southwestern Central Asia, there were more pasture lands in Anatolia)
2- Rivalries between different some Turkic groups in the region
3- Mongolian invasion (this invasion triggered the second wave)
4- More opportunities in Anatolia (Raiding an unguarded christian town/city is much easier and better than raiding a Turkic tribe or a Persian town guarded by Turkic soldiers)
and how exactly they "transfered" most of their nation to a relatively distant place.
Migration didn't happen overnight. It took centuries. And the Turkmen groups weren't from one single place. Some from Azerbaijan (Karamanid family for example), some were from Northeastern Iran, some were from where modern Turkmens now live (Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Iran etc).