Sunwise (clockwise) and widdershins (counterclockwise) are used in middle English and early modern English before clocks became common.
Sunwise (first attested in writing as sungates in 1596) is turning from East to West, following the course if the sun in the northern hemisphere.
Here is it's usage in 1650 in D. C. MacTavish's Minutes Synod of Argyll (1943) I. 186 "Being informed of a superstitious custome used by the paroachiners of Kilvorow in Craignais in goeing sun-gates about the church before they go in to the kirk."
Widdershins (first attested in 1513) comes from the middle low German "weddersinnes" which is "against the way." Meaning the opposite of a sunwise path.
The 1513 G. Douglas translation of Virgil's Æneid ii. xii. 26 "Abaisit I wolx, and widdersyns start my hair."
Fake OED for widdershins because the real Oxford English Dictionary is behind a paywall
Edit: cleaned up some stuff, made the link work.
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