Ok so my father and I were just sitting here talking about the Pyramids. Im pretty sure we were all taught the same thing, I was taught in school that they used logs and rolled these giant stones and that the Egyptians used slaves. Millions of slaves. I am aware of the theories involving aliens and that they were the "gods" and not being the religious type that makes the most sense to me. My question is, if we are excluding all possible outside help for the construction, where in gods name did they get that many human souls? We have a overpopulation problem and i dont think we could accomplish what they did using just "man power". And back then how much of the world was discovered by the the Egyptians? There has to be a finite number of places they could have traveled to and conquered, and even then how many people could you possibly enslave using what swords and bows? A chariot at best? Also i was taught that millions of slaves DIED doing this. I would imagine the level of labor involved combined with lack of modern medicine would kill your work force faster than you can replenish it.
TL;DR Egypt apparently used Slaves to build Pyrimids. Where did they get so many whithout them all dying or revolting?
Oh boy, a lot to untangle here, so let's get right into it!
Yet a short disclaimer first: I only read one book on that topic (Peter Jánosi "Die Pyramiden. Mythos und Archäologie", C.H. Beck Wissen, 2004), so my answer is mostly based on that book (especially pages 37. ff).
How exactly the pyramids were build is sadly lost to history. No known texts from that time explain directly how they were built. All knowledge is inferred indirectly by primary sources (and some secondary ancient Greek sources).
Yes, slavery did exist in ancient Egypt. However, they did not play a big part in Egyptian history and had no vital part in the construction of the pyramids. Slaves in Egypt were almost exclusively prisoners of war and limited in numbers. Egyptians did not wage war to make prisoners/slaves and slavery was not important for the Egyptian economy. There might have been slaves involved indirectly in the construction of the pyramids: In the quarries. Other than that, the pyramids were build by skilled laborers.
Constructing the pyramids was a extremely trying and unsafe work (the ancient sources did not, however, bother to waste time to talk about work injuries and casualties). Because of that, we today might be inclined to think, that people would have to be forced to work on such a dangerous and taxing project.
We have to assume quite the opposite, though: For one the workers were quite well compensated (even though the first recorded strike happened on a constructions side for a pyramid: workers were complaining about missing onions (a staple back then), missing laundry, corrupt foremen, ...). On the other hand, constructing pyramids were a religious privilege. Egyptians considered building pyramids to be necessary to sustain the world, anyone part of it was helping to maintain the cosmic order.
Instead of slaves, the workers were skilled laborers: There were villages near constructions sides and all (men) in there would work on the pyramids. If one project was finished (or abandoned) they would move to the next construction side and live and work there. They would (probably) spent there entire lives like this. And they would pass on their knowledge and skills to their own children who would eventually become skilled laborers themselves. Generation after generation would work on the pyramids with incredible skill and dedication.
They were organized in military like fashion, based on sailing crews: A crew of around 200 men, separated into five phyles, which themselves were made up of several groups. The crews themselves formed troops. The troops and crews were under the oversight of members of the royal family.
So how many people were directly involved in building the pyramids? Jánosi estimates 20 000 as a maximum: 2*2500 men at the construction side (one half working, one half not on the construction side; according to Jánosi it was physically impossible to fit more people on the construction side), 2000-3000 men in the quarries, 1000 men transporting material, 1000-2000 men doing the rest (cooking, ....). This would add up roughly less than 1 percent to the entire Egyptian population.
To your other questions: How much of the world was discovered? In mural paintings, the pharaoh was often depicted as the ruler of the entire world: He would tower over prisoners from Asia (today the Middle East), Libya (today Northern Africa), Nubians (Africans).
What weapons did the Egyptians use? The Egyptians were using bronze weapons. (They were also using bronze tools to build the pyramids!). Swords (more like daggers), maces, spears, bows and shields. And yes, chariots. Horses back then were a different breed, way smaller. You couldn't really ride on their backs, hence the need for chariots. However, during the construction of the Cheops pyramids (the most famous and impressive ones), the chariot was not yet introduced to Egypt. At that time, Egypt was mainly fighting against the Nubians (who incidentally were also building pyramids), who themselves were quite powerful and a serious threat to the Egyptians.
Would the work force die faster than it could be replenished? No! Like I explained earlier, the workforce was not made up by forced labor being made to work there. Instead highly experienced, skilled and motivated experts were doing this over generations. Sure, this work was taxing on the body and work injuries were (probably) common. Yet compared to many other members of Egyptian society, the construction workers were living a decent life. They had no reasons to revolt: A good salary and a fulfilling/sacred job.
I hope this clears up your questions. Sorry for the late response (and sorry for errors, English isn't my first language).
Fun fact: Less time has passed between the birth of Cleopatra (30 BC) and my birth (1990), than between the construction of the Cheops pyramids (2560 BC) and Cleopatra (time passed between Cleopatra and me: 2020 years; between Cheops and Cleopatra: 2530).