Was Winston Churchill responsible for the Bengal Famine?

by PerfoeRocket
scarlet_sage

More can be written, but you might like to start with several previous discussions (I'm editing to include others; thanks to xlhat for pointing to them):

This is not to discourage discussion. More questions, data and debate are welcome.

xlhat

Here are a few cited and comprehensively written posts by u/Bbrhuft from this thread {https://www.reddit.com/r/ireland/comments/4jfxo4/britain_should_stop_trying_to_pretend_that_its/}

Tauger (2003) found that the 1943 Bengal famine was caused by massive failure of the Bengal rice crop in late 1942 due to an outbreak of plant disease (see page 64 in his paper). His data shows a massive decrease in rice yield in 1942, percentage looses were were =>50% in 16 out of 21 rice varieties, only the Bhutmuri var. was hardly affected).

Even if you do not except this crop data, renowned expert on the causes of famines, Amartya Sen (born 3rd November 1933 West Bengal, Nobel Peace Prize 1998), did not blame the British directly for the famine (he was not aware of the failed rice harvest in 1942).

Rather, Sen proposed that the 1943 Bengal Famine was caused by a massive economic boom in mid-1942 linked to government efforts to prepare for a potential Japanese invasion of India, subsequent to their invasion of Burma in March 1942. These efforts included a massive program military and civil construction, and free food for construction workers and civil servants. And more directly by panicked speculation by food traders who mistakenly though there was a food shortage, a belief exacerbated by government efforts to buy food for the poor, who could not afford increasingly expensive food. These views were repeated by J. N Uppal (1984) and Greenough (1984). Seems Sen was proposing an the economic cause of the famine given he was unaware of the massive rice harvest failure in late 1942.

To summarise, from my brief reading of academic opinion on the matter, I do not see anyone remotely suggest that the 1943 Bengal was a famine was deliberately act engineered by the British, unlike the Holodomor of Ukraine (Hunger Extermination).

References:

Tauger, M.B., 2003. Entitlement, shortage and the 1943 Bengal Famine: Another look. Journal of Peasant Studies, 31(1), pp.45-72.

Uppal, J.N. 1984. Bengal Famine of 1943 : A Man-Made Tragedy. Atma Ram.

Arnold, D., 1984. Prosperity and Misery in Modern Bengal: The Famine of 1943–44. By Paul R. Greenough. Oxford University Press: New York, 1982. Pp. xix, 342.£ 29. Modern Asian Studies, 18(03), pp.518-522.

Here's an article about the Bengal Famine written by one of Ireland's leading experts on the Great Irish Famine, UCD economist Cormac Ó Gráda. He has graphs of food prices, exports and domestic production for 1938 to 1943. Of the articles I thus far read, his article is the most critical of the British.

He suggest that, although there was an underlying food shortage, the focus on the war effort led the British redirect food supplies to population centers required for the war effort, compounded this shortfall and caused the famine. Yet, he still does not suggest that the Bengal famine was deliberately created to starve the Bengalis (now Bangladesh).

Gráda, C.Ó., 2010. REVISITING THE BENGAL FAMINE OF 1943–4. History Ireland, pp.36-39.

Link to Gráda, C.Ó., 2010. REVISITING THE BENGAL FAMINE OF 1943–4 https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/71391/1/741377675.pdf