Obviously, there were many French kings, so I'm wondering what someone around the time of Louis XV would have learned while they were being educated. For example, I'm sure he learned about warfare and military history... but specifically, what would he have learned? E.g. would he have learned about Genghis Khan? Alexander the Great? Similarly, in regard to ruling, would he have read the likes of Machiavelli? Finally, how much of their learning was non-theoretical? For example, would they spend a few days with the army? Spend time farming? Thanks!
EDIT: I specifically ask about the first sons of French kings because I'm wondering how someone who was viewed as being a future ruler was educated.
Looking at the education of the Dauphins (i.e. first born son of the King) under the Bourbons, it should be remembered that due to the exceptionnally long lifespan of Louis XIV and Louis XV, their respective heirs were not their first born sons but great-grandson and grandson. Nonetheless, all "Fils de France" (i.e. direct descendants of the ruling King) would have had a well tailored education.
Traditionnally, children were first entrusted to governesses until the age of 7, then to a gouverneur and a précepteur. Their respective roles were the general administration and follow up on education, with a general idea of being a moral example and a disciplinary authority (for the gouverneur), and tutoring, with traditional focuses in Latin, History, Mathematics, Drawing and foreign languages (Louis XIV was taught Italian due to the important italian presence in the Court, from my understanding, it was less of a focus for the Dauphin, Duke of Burgundy and Louis XV, but Louis de France, Louis XVth son, was known to have learnt and spoken fluently English ; Louis XVIth had also notions in German, Italian and English). The historical teaching focused on 1) dynastic histories and genealogies of the main ruling houses of Europe, and 2) the great men of antiquity (with an idea of giving alongside their histories a moral teaching as well, à la Plutarch's Parallel lives). This type of teaching was also usually a way to acquire notions of Latin (alongside Holy Scripture) : in 1775 was written the De viris illustribus by Lhomond (a rehaul of the earlier book of the same name) intended to be both a textbook in Latin allowing for easy translations, and a morally exemplar display of the biographies of the most famous figures of Greek and Roman history. Incidentally, this book would remain at the center of French secondary education until the 1960s.
As a future Roi Très Chrétien the heir to the throne would also receive an extensive religious education ; the précepteurs being usually famous predicators and scholars of the Church : the Grand Dauphin^0 (Louis XIVth firstborn son) had Bossuet (famous predicator of the first half of Louis XIVth reign) as a précepteur, who dedicated him his Discours sur l'Histoire Universelle which was written as a pedagogical text for the young Dauphin, which intertwined historical and religious teaching by exemplifying the gradual and necessary triumph of the Catholic Faith, and presenting history as the manifestation of Divine Providence.
Similarly, Fénelon (also an extremely famous predicator) was the précepteur of the Duke of Burgundy^0b (Louis XIVth male line firstborn grandson), composed for him his Fables and his Télémaque (also a moral tale set parallelly to the Odyssey, with both a roman d'apprentissage aspect and a moralo-political teaching regarding absolutism), and had success in instilling deep piety in the young Duke of Burgundy, leading him to be close to the parti dévot (the Faction de Bourgogne in court), with figures such as the duke of Saint-Simon.
Finally, the direct male descendants of the king would also receive an extensive education in the arts. Louis XIVth is known to have been more keen to dancing and music than the more scholarly lessons he was taught ; he trained in dancing 2 hours a day from age 7 to age 27^1 (explaining his personal interest in Lully's work and ballet : there is a famous movie which is quite accurate on this calle Le Roi Danse) and was a very good guitar player. He was trained first in guitar by Bernard Jourdan de la Salle, a Cadix-born master, then in 1651 trained under the greatest virtuoso of the time, Francesco Corbetta. It is also attested that he received lessons from Robert de Visée, who remained on his personal chamber music orchestra [and whose pieces are still played and fairly famous in the baroque music circles].
^0 :Lahaye Matthieu, Le fils de Louis XIV. Monseigneur le Grand Dauphin, Seyssel, Champ Vallon
^0b : Antoine, Michel, Louis XV, Fayard
^1 : Joël Cornette, Chronique du règne de Louis XIV, SEDES, coll. Regards sur l'Histoire, 1997