I’ll jump in since no one else has taken a stab. . . .

I don’t think the figure can be identified as a specific person. Rather, the woman is an allegorical figure, that is, an abstract concept depicted in human form, like the allegorical figure of liberty that stands in New York harbor.

You’ve noted the title of the book, so you’re probably familiar with it already. For others who may be curious, this is a book that is fairly well-known in the world of Habsburg studies. It was a big multi-volume project, published in the late 19th century, describing the various peoples and regions in the Habsburg empire. It was sponsored by Archduke Rudolf, the crown prince, hence its nickname of the Kronprinzenwerk or “crown prince’s work.” It was a piece of scholarship, but also of PR, since the idea was to encourage a patriotic e-pluribus-unum view of the empire in which all these ethnic groups/nations/peoples lived together. (Rudolf, by the way, goes down in popular memory because of the way he died—in an apparent suicide pact with Mary Vetsera at Mayerling.)

The image appears in the volume on Galicia, at the end of a section on Galician cultural accomplishments. You’ll find it in vol. 19/2, p. 668 , in the Hungarian version (which you cited), or vol. 19, p. 664 in the German. The book itself doesn’t provide much information on the image. It’s called simply “Vignette” or “End Vignette.”

However, the work does have a title, in a way. The artist first executed this illustration as an oil painting, and that, according to the Austrian National Library, is called “Allegory of Literature and Theater in Galicia.” They give this description (I’m translating from the German): “Female allegory of literature lights the stars. Beside her, a book, lyre, and mask.” They don’t point out the laurel wreath on her head, which I suppose is another symbol of literature. They also don’t point out the symbol on her gown, the Austrian eagle. But it’s there. (It’s easier to see in the painting than in the final book illustration.)

Quickly summarizing, then: the woman in the image seems to be an “ideal” figure, shown in a symbolic context. It matches up neatly with the nearby text, which states that in Galicia there have been significant cultural achievements “under the constitutional Austrian government.”

Bendix, Regina. “Ethnology, Cultural Reification, and the Dynamics of Difference in the Kronprinzenwerk.” In Creating the Other: Ethnic Conflict and Nationalism in Habsburg Central Europe, ed. Nancy M. Wingfield, Berghahn Books, 2003.