How did Byzantine soldiers and crusaders counter the horse archers often used by the Turks?

by Tarsus1994
Cross_Ange

The Strategikon of Maurice suggests that when fighting against "the Scythians, that is, Avars, Turks and Others whose way of life resembles that of the Hunnish peoples" a Roman commander should try to pick a field of battle that is smooth and flat. On the field, they should endeavour to use a concentrated force of cavalry to advance against the enemy with the intent of bringing them to hand to hand combat. Other suggestions include ambushing the 'Turks' at nighttime. If the 'Turks' are moving against the Romans, the Roman commander is expected to place scouts to track the enemy movements and utilize their baggage train as a fallback position by placing it in a defensible position with stocks of food, forage and water should things go wrong. On the actual field, it is suggested that the Romans strengthen their flanks and rear, they should place their cavalry in reserve and infantry at the front. Also, the Romans should avoid deploying on terrain which plays to the enemies strength (aka, terrain where the enemy might ambush the Romans), and if the enemy gives ground it is recommended not to get overly enthusiastic while pursuing them because it is probably a trick.

Source

Maurice, Maurice's Strategikon: Handbook of Byzantine military strategy, trans. George T Dennis, Philadelphia, 1984. pp.116-118.