As an example of the sort of thing I'm wondering about, I recently had a shower thought where I realized that the Arabic word "emir" sounds like it could have derived from the Latin "imperator".
Not answer to your main question, but the word 'emir' (literally "commander") in Arabic is derived from the triconsonantal Arabic root ء م ر (' m r), which relates to the concept of commanding or giving orders. It does not derive from the Latin imperator.
Wehr, Hans (1979), “ءمر”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services