Besides Egypt and Ethiopia in Africa and the Maya in Mesoamerica there is no people or nation outside Europe and Asia that until quite recently (19th/20st century) developed a writing system that was fully funtional. The Inca in Peru developed the so called Quipu system that allowed for accounting and was for the most part a numeral system. Also there was a culture in the peruvian coastal zone that *might* possibly have had a writing system, but since we don't even know their language we most certainly will never know. And then there is Rongorongo on the Easter Island that also can't be deciphered and is believed to be 'only' a mnemonic device.