A few additional suggestions to the ones already given:

• A. Gavan Daws, Shoal of Time: A History of the Hawaiian Islands.

A bit dated, but Daws is readable and the book covers the period in question and is perhaps closest to what you are looking for.

• John Papa I'i, Fragments of Hawaiian History

John Papa I'i was an advisor to the court of King Kamehameha and his is perhaps the earliest history written by a Hawaiian. This collection includes newspaper articles and other writings by him describing the court as well as providing a more intimate look at King Kamehameha.

• Lilikala Kame'eleihiwa, Native Land and Foreign Desires: Pehea La E Pono Ai?

A book on land development/ the Great Mahele, or the privatization of land in Hawaii during the reign of King Kamehameha III. A seminal and much cited work-- one that provides a Hawaiian perspective on the events and understands them in part as a form of resistance-- rather than the typical story of the event as the dispossession of Hawaiian land.

• Jonathan Kay Kamakawiwo`ole Osorio, Dismembering Lahui: A History of the Hawaiian Nation to 1887.

Another great work by a Hawaiian historian-- I saw the PhD dissertation this came from, it was probably the biggest I have ever seen. Extremely well researched, it tracks primarily the 19th century and in the same vein as Lilikala's early work it offers a Hawaiian perspective, using the massive Hawaiian language archive to help retell a more accurate history.

• Jocelyn Linnekin, Sacred Queens and Women of Consequence: Rank, Gender and Colonialism in the Hawaiian Islands

Linnekin had a pretty rough relationship with some of the Hawaiian Historians, but I think this work in particular is still a great read.

• Kealani Cook, Return to Kahiki Native Hawaiians in Oceania

The most recent of the books I've plopped down on here. The book focuses on the period in question but rather than situated just on the islands, it also tracks the thousands of people who left the islands chasing opportunities as missionaries, soldiers, sailors, etc.

Not a Hawai'ian history expert, but as someone who's interested in the topic and who has read a bit from what those more knowledgeable have said, some options might be from this bibliography:

Kuykendall, Ralph S. Hawaii: A History. From Polynesian Kingdom to American Commonwealth It was written in 1948, so it's obviously out of date, but my understanding is that it's still used in Hawai'ian history programs because nothing as comprehensive has been written since.

Fuchs, Lawrence H. Hawaii Pono: A Social History. Written in 1961, but the same applies as above.

More modern works are:

Silva, Noenoe Aloha Betrayed - Native Hawaiian Resistance to American Colonialism

Coffman, Tom Nation Within: The Story of America's Annexation of the Nation of Hawaiʻi

There's also Julia Siler's Lost Kingdom: Hawaii's Last Queen, the Sugar Kings and America's First Imperial Adventure, which is mostly a biography of Queen Liliuokalani, but it has background history of Hawai'i from 1778.

Please please please skip Sarah Vowell's Unfamiliar Fishes. It is garbage.