The NSDAP were actually little more than a fringe irritant prior to the 1930 election. The Beer Hall Putsch was an embarassing failure for Hitler, and in the two elections in 1924 the party (under the banner of the National Socialist Freedom Movement) failed to make any significant breakthrough despite the SPD and Centre having taken heavy losses four years earlier and the country still in the tail end of the hyperinflation crisis. They fared little better in 1928 after Hitler's release and his refounding of the party, where they only gained 2.6% of the vote and 12 seats.

In actually gaining support, the Nazis faced a significant challenge. The urban proletariat mostly supported the SPD, while Bavaria, where the NSDAP was based, heavily voted for the Catholic Centre Party. The right already had two pre-existing and popular parties: the DVP and DNVP, who routinely gained 20-30% of the vote between them. The NSDAP were at their strongest in rural protestant areas such as in Eastern Prussia. As you can see in the maps on this page, Protestants voted for the NSDAP in far greater numbers than for Catholics. In fact, where the SPD, DNVP and DVP vote largely collapsed from 1928 onwards, the number of Centre Party deputies stayed roughly the same.

With regards to local politics, while comparing the German system to a red/blue state is a bit of an oversimplification, parties did have areas which they could generally expect to rely on for support. As already mentioned, the heavily Catholic Bavaria overwhelmingly voted for the Centre Party, who recieved little support from the more protestant areas of Germany. However, in the regional elections to the Landtag in Bavaria, they had been supplanted by the Bayerische Volkspartei, an offshoot who supported a more conservative approach and only contested elections in Bavaria.

Elsewhere in the country, results went as one might expect. While the SPD generally did well across all States, it was strongest in the big cities such as Berlin, and Hamburg. While they were eventually supplanted by the NSDAP, they would regularly gain 35+%.

For detailed statistics of Landtag elections from 1920-1933, see here. (In German)

Good answer, thank you!

I know this part might all seem a bit random, but bear with me, I'll come back to your question later. You can of course switch directly to the next part down below, but this are the basics to understand what I'll be talking about.

Btw, when I say Weimar below I mean the Weimar Republic, parliament and government were of course in Berlin.

The Weimar Republic as well as modern Germany are federalist republics. Both systems are a bit different from each other though.

Both systems know elections on a federal level, Reich (for historical, not political reasons) in Weimar, Bund (= federation) in the Federal Republic of Germany since 1949 and all of Germany (that officially is still called Federal Republic of Germany) since reunification in 1990. The difference is that Weimar had proportional representation only while modern Germany has this plus a local direct mandate that is assigned by majority voting system.

The Weimar parliament was called Reichstag (hence 'Reichstagswahlen' = Reichstag elections), the one today is called Bundestag, but due to the building they are holding their sessions in also sometimes 'Reichstag' (but the elections are called 'Bundestagswahlen' only). In both cases the government is elected by the parliament, but since in Weimar elections with clear majorities were non-existent governments were build by coalitions of different parties that also often had to rely on acquiescence by third parties.

On the next level both have their Länder (= federal states) that have their own governments and also send representatives to the Reichsrat (Reich council) and Bundesrat (federal council) respectively. The Landtage (state parliaments), that elect the state government, in both systems are elected by proportional representation, the representatives to the respective counciles are appointed by the state governments. The number of representatives depends in both caeses roughly on the population of the particular states.

While the states in modern Germany originally had more competences and responsbilities than in Weimar it would be not too far fetched to say, that the states in both cases have primarily the competence and resposibility of education policy and certain parts of the police force, besides certain taxes, that modern day Bundesländer can levy. The Weimar states were financially very dependent of the Reich.

A big difference on the federal level is that the Bundesrat has far more power than the Reichsrat ever had, since it can introduce bills while the Reichsrat only had the power to veto bills introduced by the Reichstag.

This is a list of the states of the Weimar Republic:

https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weimarer_Republik#Territoriale_Gliederung

Some annotations:

- The meaning of 'Flagge' and 'Wappen' should be obvious, 'Einwohner'/'Einw.' means population, 'Fläche' means area, 'Hauptstadt' means capital, 'Freistaat' is a german word for republic

- 'Saargebiet' means Saar Territory and wasn't actually a part of Germany after WW1 until 1935 but a League of Nations Mandate

- Freistaat Waldeck became part of Prussia in 1929

If you look at the population column you can see that there was a large disparity: While e.g. Schaumburg-Lippe had around 48.000 Prussia had about 38.000.000, and if you click on the map you can also see that Prussia (light blue) was a really big part of Germany.

Now the states of Germany today:

https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutschland#Verwaltungsgliederung

The map:

https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutschland#/media/File:Deutschland_politisch_2010.png

You can see, that the states still are quite different in size and population but that it became a bit less messy, especially in terms of population: While today's most populated state, North Rhine-Westphalia (Nordrhein-Westfalen), with a population of about 17.000.000 has less than 20% of the population of all of Germany Prussia had roughly 60%.

The last level is the local level - districts, municipalities, etc. This is the level that effects the everyday life of the people the most: waste collection, road cleaning, fire department, housing, you name it.

District counciles, municipal counciles, town counciles etc. are also elected in proportional representation, the counciles elect Mayors, Senators whatever.

There have been several municipal reforms, incorporations etc, but in principle there hasn't changed too much on this level to make comparisons impossible.

Weimar had elections Germany today doesn't have: The Reichspräsident (Reich President) was elected in direct election by the people, while the Bundespräsident today, who is far less powerful than the Reichspräsident was, is elected by a special body called Bundesversammlung (let's keep it at this).

Also Weimar had plebiscites on a federal level while Germany today only has plebeiscites on the state and local level.

Germany today on the other hand takes part in the elections for the European Parliament.