You should look for "Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War". That's when Japanese troops went to Russia to back the White Russian side in the Civil War against the Reds. Japan was the Allied country that intervened with most troops (much more than USA, UK or France), reaching 70,000 at a point in 1920s.

Japan had different goals compared to the Allies, who mostly wanted to bring Russia back into the World War, to get their war material back, to get the Allied troops (like the Czechslovak Legion) back or to deny access to vital resources to the Central Powers (like the British trying to defend Baku against the Ottomans and the Germans).

Japan wanted to establish a buffer state in the Siberian region of Russia. The Provisional Priamur Government was kind of a puppet state in that regard.

Japanese troops remained in Siberian Russia until 1922. The war was very expensive, impopular (the abuse committed by certain White generals, like the Mad Baron Von Usternberg, made headlines in Japan and other countries), there were not that many financial rewards being reaped by the Japanese companies in the region and there was opposition in other countries to Japan's actions, so the occupation of Siberia ended by 1922. The Soviets came very soon afterward to defeat the puppet White government there and annex it to the rest of the Soviet Union.

Also there were conflicts between the Japanese and the Soviets in the 1930s. You should look as well for the "Battle of Khalkhin Gol" and "Battle of Lake Khasan".