The dildo was available for both men and women, for use on themselves or others. My previous answer here is female-focused but largely traces the history of the dildo, which was definitely available by 1400 in Europe (but likely goes far, far back).

Cock rings, although not well known, were likely known by some groups. I can't find any real reference to them in pornographic literature or research by historians of sexuality, but some (questionable) sources say that Marco Polo brought back stories of the use of cock rings in China, but almost everything vaguely Oriental gets accredited to Marco Polo, so I would remain skeptical. They were definitely known by the 1800s.

Butt plugs likely existed in some form or another, as the history of shoving stuff up our butts is as long as the history of the human race, but they were not really widely known or used until the 1800's where one commentator observes

The most famous dilators were a set sold as Dr. Young’s Ideal Rectal Dilators from 1893 to 1940. Dr. Frank E. Young of Canton, Ohio patented his rectal dilators in 1892. Advertisement for Dr. Young’s patented rectal dilators can be seen by 1893. The package includes several dilators of increasing sizes in a somewhat familiar butt plug shape of today; olive-shaped tip with a straight shaft and flanged end. They were originally made of rubber, and the instructions suggested they be used with either Dr. Young’s Piloment lubrication or vaseline.

(If you're in or near NYC you can go see these in person at the museum of sex, which is great fun!)

Finally, the only other sex toy of note that existed were the sex dolls/articifcial vaginas known among sailors. French sailors called these dames de voyage or dama de viaje in Spanish. In Japan, sex dolls are still sometimes known as “Dutch wives” in reference to the leather masturbators made by seventeenth century Dutch sailors that traded with the Japanese.

In his comprehensive The Sex Doll: A History, Anthony Ferguson describes them in detail:

These elementary sex dolls were made from cloth or old clothes and would have been quite rudimentary. Imagination would have been critical to their use, particularly for a man isolated at sea on a long voyage...It was very convenient to store something as light and malleable as a life-sized cloth doll in the cramped quarters of a ship. It is likely that a single doll might have been shared among several men, although it is uncertain whether the doll(s) would have been made available to the common sailors or restricted to the higher-ranking ship’s officials. Whatever the case, the dolls could not have been particularly sanitary after multiple uses, as writer Amy Wolf notes in her article “Dames de Voyage,” published in the magazine Avantoure: Anthology of Temptation: “Made of cotton and presumably held together by dried cum, the dame de voyage was a hotbed of venereal diseases, and it’s perhaps fortunate that no specimens—or even images—of such dolls exist today.”

He also offers this either disturbing or terribly sad anecdote of Rene Descartes:

There is a story that the French philosopher Rene Descartes (1596–1650) carried with him on a mid–seventeenth century sea journey to Sweden a somewhat lifelike doll made of leather and metal which he referred to as his daughter. He even named her “Francine.” It is said that the doll in question was discovered by the crew when they searched Descartes’ cabin for the mysteriously absent daughter. So horrified were they by its uncanny lifelike appearance, and perhaps mindful of the superstition that women were bad luck on ships, the sailors dragged the simulacrum on deck and cast it overboard into the ocean. While there is some uncertainty as to the veracity of the tale, it is known that Descartes did experiment with building automata earlier in his career, and that he did once have a daughter called Francine, who died of scarlet fever at the age of five. It is believed that Descartes fashioned his doll to explore the contemporary fascination with artificial life and the question of what it actually is to be human. It is probable that such philosophical notions were of little concern to the God-fearing sailors who threw her overboard.

Flaired member /u/jschooltiger might have more to add about the sexual lives of sailors than I am able to contribute here.

Finally, it is worth noting that by the 1700's a major reaction against masturbation (especially male) was underway, and it would have been absolutely unacceptable to discuss, much less advertise sex toys. I covered this in this older answer (which I would honestly update--there's some weak history of the family there), but the gist of it is accurate:

The publication in 1710, of an anonymous publication titled ONANIA OR, the Heinous Sin OF Self-Pollution, AND All its Frightful Consequences by a clergyman. It was an amazingly resounding success, in a way that would still be considered successful today. By 1760, fifty years later, 38,000 copies had been sold in nearly twenty English editions, and it had rapidly been translated into French, German, Italian and Dutch, and was wildly successful in those editions as well, despite its "vapid moralizing and implausible stories of resulting disease:"

IN [boys] it has been the Cause of fainting Fits and Epilepsies; in others of Consumptions; and many Young Men who w ere strong and lusty before they gave themselves over to this vice, have been worn out by it.. In Women SELF-POLL UT ION if frequently practis’d... makes ‘em look pale, swarthy and haggard. It frequently is the Cause of Hysterick Fits, and sometimes, by draining away all the radical Moisture, Consumption.

Indeed, by the late 1700's, the tract and the idea had convinced even scientists and doctors. One such doctor, the internationally celebrated Dr. Tissot gave the masturbation problem medical recognition. He cited cases of

masturbating youths - and maidens - falling victims to lassitude, epilepsy, convulsions, boils, disorders of the digestive, respiratory or nervous systems, and even death... This alarming statement from one of the most distinguished doctors in Europe was the start of a growing onslaught on masturbation in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, which has been compared by one scholar with the witchcraft persecutions of the sixteenth century or with modern anti-semitism.

In conclusion: sex toys did exist, but they would have been horribly frowned upon, and in some cases persecuted. Widespread knowledge of them, there was not, although among certain groups (sailors, upper class men who could import them) there was the knowledge and desire to learn more and do more.