Like before theories of light diffraction came up, is there any records of what they thought caused them?
I have a related question: The Torah includes a story where, after God floods the world, he puts a rainbow in the sky as a sign that he won't do it again. How did medieval Christian, Muslim and Jewish theologians conceptualise the appearance of rainbows on rainy days? Did they say "Oh, God's reminding of his mercy again, we should probably do some praying today to thank him" or was it rather "there's a rainbow because it's sunny+running, but at the same time rainbows symbolise God's attributes just like all parts of the natural world do every single day"?