I'm trying to find data on what were the types and relative value of goods being sent between Europe and the Americas in the early colonial period (1600 - 1700)?
I know the basic gist that gold/precious metals and cash crops were major shipments from the Americas, but I'm trying to find the relative values of say Sugar vs Tobacco vs Indigo, etc. Is there anywhere I could something like historical trade data?
Try looking up the Dutch West India Company. The primary sources are in Dutch. The archive is located at the Dutch National Archives (https://www.nationaalarchief.nl/en). These are the indexes (http://www.gahetna.nl/en/collectie/index/nt00223) for the West India company between 1600 and 1700. Maybe you can search for a secondary source discussing these records in english.
But maybe this other book I found can help you locate sources that you want. See the following: Postma, J., & Enthoven, V. (2003). Riches from Atlantic commerce: Dutch transatlantic trade and shipping, 1585-1817. Leiden: Brill. See worldcat link for more info: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/52749907.