There are a number of measures one can use, obviously education is not a one sided thing.

According to an 1897 census, general literacy in the Russian Empire was at about 30%, and less than half of that for women. By the time of Stalin's death in 1953, literacy rates were near 100%, thanks to extensive state-run literacy programs (likbez).

Another large aspect of education was the liberation of women from the Czarist patriarchy. Women since the early days of the USSR were becoming lawyers, doctors, etc. when women in the U.S. could not even vote. This was a major, major progressive move at the time and even today considering how Russia recently decriminalized domestic violence.

According to Smithsonian Magazine, the role of women in Soviet education was huge. American STEM scholars are, by contrast, infamously prone to misogyny.

Lastly, here is a source on Russia generally that may be useful.