There's plenty of archaeological evidence from the ancient Near East, wine vessels which still have recoverable residues. Winemaking in the region dates much earlier than the Bible-- the very early Egyptian King known as "Scorpion I" was buried with perhaps as many as 700 vessels of wine, as many as 1200 gallons.
There's chemical and mechanical evidence that these contained wine, not grape juice, a possibility explicitly considered by archaeologists:
How can we be sure the liquid inside the jars was wine, and not grape juice or vinegar? For one thing, it is extremely difficult to preserve grape juice. Under normal conditions and at room temperature, the natural yeast bloom on grape skins quickly ferments juice to wine. Slow-pressing methods in antiquity and high temperatures in the Middle East also contributed to rapid fermentation, which probably began even before the juice went into the jars. Moreover, the jars had clearly been sealed, most likely to keep the wine from turning to vinegar. Many clay sealings with rim and string impressions were found with the vessels. The sealings had probably been pressed onto leather or cloth covers tied over the mouths with string. Such covers would have been particularly appropriate for a young wine, from which fermentation gases still need to escape.
In Biblical era Palestine, the wine grape Vitis vinifera was under cultivation, and we have abundant archaeological evidence of winemaking at the time of Jesus (and before and after). The Bible, both Old and New Testaments makes frequent reference to wine, wine making, and drunkenness. No one gets drunk on grape juice, and passages like:
Proverbs 20:1 Wine is a mocker and beer a brawler; whoever is led astray by them is not wise.
Matthew 11:19 The Son of Man came eating and drinking, and they say, ‘Here is a glutton and a drunkard, a friend of tax collectors and sinners.’
1 Corinthians 5:11 But now I am writing to you that you must not associate with anyone who claims to be a brother or sister[a] but is sexually immoral or greedy, an idolater or slanderer, a drunkard or swindler. Do not even eat with such people.
. . . don't suggest they're talking about grape juice.
Moreover, there's chemical analysis of residues inside recovered wine vessels, for example:Characterizing a Middle Bronze Palatial Wine Cellar from Tel Kabri, Israel
For a thorough exploration of the subject, see:The Fruit of the Vine: Wine at Masada and in the New Testament
Follow up: what Christian denominations have taught this?