I haven't seen the movie, but based on the trailers, I'm going to say that nothing in the movie bore anything but the remotest resemblance to history. I believe that the fact you could replace the bows with guns without changing anything (I seem to have heard about a crossbow powered RPG?) was the whole point.

With that said, there was absolutely some archery involved in urban warfare. Take this example from Phillipe de Commynes' Memoirs for instance:

Then all the previous orders and plans were changed as everybody began to give their advice, and already a large and serious skirmish was beginning at the end of the village of Montlhéry between archers of both sides. Those on the King’s side were commanded by Poncet de Rivière and were all archers of the ordonnance companies, with gold-embroidered uniforms, and in good condition. Those on the Burgundian side were disorderly and without a commander as frequently happens when skirmishes start. On foot with them were Sir Philip de Lalaing and Jacques du Mas, a highly renowned man, who late became first squire of Duke Charles of Burgundy. There were more Burgundians and they captured a house, then taking two or three doors, they used them as shields and entered the street and fired a house. The wind helped them by blowing the fire in the direction of the King’s men, who began to break up in confusion and ride away in flight.

That was an example of mostly archers vs archers. Sometimes the fights fights were between archers and men-at-arms, and these battles generally didn't go as well for the archers. Jean le Bel was involved in one of these, and his description is quite vivid:

But just after dinner a big fight broke out over a game of dice between the Hainaulter pages and the English archers who were lodging among them. And it led to serious trouble, as you’ll hear, for when the boys started fighting with this band of English, all the other archers in the city, and others who were billeted among the Hainaulters, came rushing with their bows, roaring and bristling like boars, and wounded many of the boys and forced them to retreat to their lodgings. Most of the knights and their masters were still at court and wholly unaware; but as soon as they heard about the rumpus they made straight for their lodgings – at least, those who could: some were forced to stay outside, for the devil had got into the archers (of whom there were a good two thousand), and they were shooting wildly as if to slaughter and plunder everyone, lords and servants alike. I was there myself, and my companions and I couldn’t get into our lodgings to arm: I found such a crowd of English at our door, poised to smash it down and go looting, and such a cloud of arrows flying at us, that we had to withdraw and trust to luck with the others.

When those who’d managed to get into their houses had armed they didn’t dare leave by the front for fear of the arrows; they left by the rear, through the courtyards, breaking down the fences behind and waiting at a certain spot till a good hundred of them had gathered, not counting those of us who’d been unable to arm. As soon as those with arms had assembled they rushed to the aid of their fellows who were doing their best to defend their houses on the main street; they passed through the house of the lord of Enghien, which had wide doorways to the rear as well as to the front overlooking the main street, and launched a fierce attack upon the archers. Some of our men were mortally wounded by bowshots, but the archers at last were routed, with fully 316 killed there and in the fields beyond; they were all the Bishop of Lincoln’s men. I don’t believe God ever sent such good fortune to any men as he did then to Sir John of Hainault and his company; for those archers were intent on nothing less than murdering and robbing us, even though we’d come to help them!

Another example comes from William of Tyre and his account of the 1148 siege of Damascus:

On the western side of Damascus from which our troops approached, and on the northern side, too, the city enclosed far and wide by orchards which are like a dense woods or a shady forest, extending five miles or more toward Lebanon. These orchards are enclosed by mud walls-rock is not plentiful in that region-so that their ownership will not be in doubt and also to keep out trespassers. The orchards are, therefore, enclosed by defensive walls in such a way that each man's possessions are identified. Paths and public roads, though they are narrow, are left open so that the gardeners and those who have charge of the orchards can make their way to the city with the animals which carry the fruit. These orchards are the city's greatest protection. Because of their density, because of the number of the trees, and because of the narrowness of the roads, it seemed difficult-indeed, almost impossible-for those who wished to approach Damascus to do so from that side. From the beginning, however, our princes had decided to bring the army in through this area to gain access to the city. There was a double reason for this: on the one band, it was done so that after the most securely guarded areas in which the Damascenes had the greatest faith had been occupied, what remained would seem easy and would be more readily accomplished. On the other hand, the approach was made in this way so that the army would not be deprived of the benefits of food and water. The King of Jerusalem, therefore, sent his fighting formations in first through those narrow orchard paths. The army could scarcely make headway and did so with great difficulty, both because it was hemmed in by the narrow roads and also because it was hindered by the ambushes of the men who were hidden in the thickets. Also, the army had sometimes to engage the enemies who appeared and seized the circuitous paths.

All the people of Damascus came out together and descended upon the aforesaid orchards in order to block the army's passage both by stealth and by open attack. There were, furthermore, walls and large, tall houses among the orchards. These were defended by soldiers whose possessions lay nearby. They defended the orchard walls by shooting arrows and other missiles and allowed no one to approach them, while the arrows shot from on high made the public roads exceedingly dangerous for those who wished to pass through them. Nor were our men beset with formidable obstacles only on one side. Rather, on every side there was equal peril for the unwary and danger of sudden and unforeseen death. There were, moreover, men with lances hiding inside of the walls. When these men saw our men passing by, they would stab them as they passed, through little peepholes in the walls which were cleverly designed for this purpose, so that those hiding inside could scarcely be seen. Many are said to have perished miserably that day in this way. Countless other kinds of danger, too, faced those who wished to pass through those narrow paths.

As our men became aware of this, they pushed on more fiercely. When they had broken down the barricades in the orchards, they occupied them eagerly. Those whom they discovered within the walls or in the houses, they pierced with their swords or threw into chains as captives. When the townsmen who had come out to defend the orchards heard this, they feared that they would perish as the others had. They left the orchards and returned to the city in droves. Thus, when the defenders either had been slaughtered or bad been turned to flight, a free path forward lay open to our men.

Some of the civil wars/conflicts between merchant houses in Italy would probably come closest to the kind of missile warfare in the movie, but unfortunately I'm not familiar enough with the sources to find a good example.