What were the dejure and defacto powers of the Russian Tsar in 1914

by Darzin_

How did the concept of Autocracy interact with the Duma?

PeacefulComrade

Basically, despite the October 17th, 1905, manifesto of Nicholas II about the Duma as a lawgiving department the tsar had the legal right to replace ministers, call the state of emergency, declare war and pass his own laws inbetween the sessions of the Duma. But most importantly, the tsar had the right to dismiss the Duma at any time. The first Duma was very opposing to the regime and only lasted for 72 days, from 23rd of April to 9th of July 1906. 200 out of the 540+ members of the first Duma disagreed with the trar's decision and gathered in Vyborg to sign a petition, they were all arrested, sent to jail for 3 months and deprived of the right to be elected again. The second Duma lasted since 20th of February until 3rd of July 1907, yet again it was quite opposing and dismissed by the tsar after the charges against 55 of the members accused of plotting against the royal family. Also with every new Duma elections the electoral law changed in favour of the old ruling faudal class and the bourgeoisie leaving less opportunities for the working class and peasantry to be adequatly represented in the Duma. The third Duma was the only one that worked the whole term of 5 years, since November 1, 1907, until June 9, 1912, and it was mostly right-wing and centrist. The 4th Duma began to work in November 15, 1912, and it was practically the same as the third, i.e. generally uneffective for the people and convinient for the regime, as all of the parties in it supported the tsar's decision to go to war with Austria-Hungary and Germany. So as a whole, the Duma during the late tsarist period in Russia played a very small role in the government, was totally dependable on the tsar's will and only served as a platform for propaganda of some sort for the different political forces.