Could somebody catch me up to our current scholarly understanding of Manichaeism?

by Snowblinded

I'm sorry if this question is worded a little vaguely, but it relates to an issue that applies not just to me personally, but to anyone with an interest in this semi-forgotten religion.

I became interested in Mani and his teachings after coming in contact with the texts of Nag Hammadi. However, I have found the task of actually obtaining reliable material in English translation to be far more difficult than any previous attempt to learn about a new culture or tradition, to the point where I feel that I need to consult a scholar of either history or religion to make any further progress.

The first and best source for an English account of what Mani taught appears to be Duncan Greenlees' "The Gospel of the Prophet Mani", whose author (an absolute saint) took the many often fragmentary primary and secondary accounts dating back to when the tradition was practiced, translated the vast majority of these dozen plus languages into English himself, and organized the quotation by theme after giving a lengthy introduction to the work. However, to say nothing of the potential for mistranslation from having a single person work with so many languages, the fact is that GotPM was written in the 1940s, yet it is still the most recommended overview of the tradition given by both scholars and sites like Amazon. There are also some excellent translations of the Kephalaia (which as far as I know is the longest extant Manichaean text) and some of the Chinese hymns in Meyer and Barnstone's "The Gnostic Bible".

Save these two sources and a handful of lectures by scholars and contemporary religious figures (i.e. Stephan Hoeller of the Ecclesia Gnostica), I can find virtually no English resources on the teachings of Mani. This is obviously a huge problem because I have to assume that scholars have been working on better understanding Mani's corpus since Greenlees' day, yet I can find nothing written for a general audience (or at least written in English in a way that is comprehensible to a knowledgeable layman) that covers what new advances have been made in Manichaean studies, and there is no other field of study that I am aware of that would use a book predating the second world war as the best tool for learning about a tradition.

Thus I have two questions for people who have a scholarly background that intersects with Mani's life and teaching. First, I have heard rumors dating as far back as the 1980's of large quantities of Manichaean texts being discovered and then ending up in a Dead Sea Scroll-esque limbo due to scholars taking forever to ensure their initial interpretation is thorough enough to not immediately get overthrown by new research. However, I have no way of knowing whether any of these texts have since been published, so if anyone has any knowledge of "recent" (i.e. post WWII) translations/discoveries of Manichaean texts, I would be grateful. Second, I would love to have access to any contemporary writings on Mani's teachings. There are universities that study Manichaeism, which in turn means that there are graduate students actively studying the religion, and I have to imagine that these students are using resources that are more up to date than what I have, yet I really cannot find any books for sale online that seem to fill this gap.

EDIT: I don't recall adding the Oceania flair to this post, but I can't find a way to remove it. There used to be a drop down list in the old version of the site but I can't find it now. If a mod wants to fix it for me I would be grateful.

lcnielsen

First and foremost, have you read the Encyclopaedia Iranica article series on Manichaeism? This is by far your best bet for tracking down source material outside a research library.

Second, as you have noted, it is not at all easy to even figure out what texts have been discovered. The problem of finding collections of translations is also due to the fact that primary source material is found in languages ranging from Coptic, Syriac, Middle Persian and Aramaic, to Sogdian, Old Turkic, and Chinese. You seem to have a grasp of the main ones I am aware of. It may also be the case that there are more recent summarizing works than the one you note that are published only in German or perhaps French. This is a pretty common issue with studies in this area.

The only contemporary scholarly writing I have really read myself is Manfred Hutter's chapter "Manichaeism in Iran" in The Wiley-Blackwell Companion to Zoroastrianism. The scholar he references by far the most is Werner Sundermann, who appears to have published a lot of textual critiques on Manichaeism since the 80's or so. But, as I alluded to above, they are mainly in German.

Sorry I can't be of more help.