On a related note: I’ve read that generally there isn’t much known about the religion of the Norse; that even historians, anthropologists and archeologists specializing in ancient Scandinavia haven’t come up with much of anything concrete in terms of Norse theology, how they worshiped, etcetera. Why is there such a scarcity of information or sources on the subject?

The closest parallel with the daily Christian prayers can perhaps found in an Arabic source, the report of Arab envoy, Ibn Fadlan from the 920s, inspiring the famous (notorious?) film, 13th Warrior (1999) (link to IMDB).

The following is an excerpt from his report:

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"As soon as their boat arrive at this port, each of them disembarks, along with him bread and meat, onions, milk and nabidh, and he walks until he comes to a great wooden port stuck in the ground with a face like that of a man, and around it at a little figures. Behind these images there are long wooden stakes driven into the ground. Each of them prostrates himself before the great idol, saying to it:
'Oh my Lord, I have come from a far country and I have with me such and such a number of young slave girls, and such and such a number of sable skins......' and so on, until he has listed all the trade goods he has bought. [Then he adds:] 'I have brought you this gift.' Then he leaves what he has with him in front of the wooden post [and says:]
'I would like you to do the favour of sending me a merchant who has large quantities of dinars and dirhams and who will buy everything that I want and not argue with me over my price.'
Then he departs. If he has difficulty selling and his stay becomes long drawn out, he returns with another present a second and even a third time. If he cannot get what he wants, he brings a present for each of the little idols and asks them to intercede, saying:
'These are the wives of our Lord and his daughters and sons.'
Thus he continues to make his request to each idol in turn, begging their intercession and abasing himself before them. Sometimes the sales is easy and after it having sold his goods he says: 'My Lord has satisfied my needs and it is fitting that I should reward him for it.'
Then he takes a certain number of sheep or cows and slaughters them, distributing part of the meat as gifts and carrying off the rest to set before the great idol and the little figures that surround it. Then he hangs the heads of the sheep or cows on the wooden stakes which have been driven into the ground......."

Source: Lunde, Paul & Caroline Stone (trans.), Ibn Fadlan and the Land of Darkness: Arab Travellers in the Far North, Harmondsworth: Penguin, 2010, pp. 47f.

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At least two cautions should be given to take his account on this offering to the Gods at face value, though, I suppose, namely:

• Ibn Fadlan describes the practice of Rus' merchants those who he met by the river Itil. While the majority of the schloars seem to agree to identify them usually of Scandinavian origin, they are not so sure whether or to what extent they shared this 'religious' practice with other Scandinavians. Archaeological evidences indeed suggest the diversity of such religious (or exactly speaking, burial) practices across Jutland and Scandinavian peninsulas. They even didn't have an unified burial practice on whether the dead should be cremated or inhumated.
• The position of Ibn Fadlan can be compared a kinda 19th century or early 20th century pioneering anthropologist who witnesses hitherto unknown ritual of the strange people. While he certainly had an interpreter and probably could ask them directly or the local people about what the meaning of the prayer or the ritual itself, it is another matter whether he could really 'understand' the 'true' world view behind these figures/ rituals. To take an easy example, he describes the 'Lord', but it does not necesarily mean that the great idol was really the figure of Odin/Thor, and the figures surrounding the stake was a kind of lesser deities. It is more reasonable to suppose that his description just follow the Arabic convention of denoting the God as singular. In short, we cannot trust his description to reconstuct the exact hierarchical structures among the pantheon of the Norse deities.

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One more alternative source should be mentioned here: Sts. 4-5 from Sigvatr Þórðarson's Austrfararvísur (‘Verses on a Journey to the East’), depicting a diplomatic journey of the skald (poet) eastward to the court of Jarl of Rögnvald in Västergötland (SW Sweden), customarily dated in ca. 1017 or 1019:

"I resolved to aim for Hof: the door was barred, but I made enquiries from outside: resolute, I stuck my down-bent nose in. I got very little response from the people, but they said [it was] holy; the heathen men drove me off; I bade the ogresses bandy words with them (St. 4)."

"'Do not come any farther in, wretched fellow', said the woman: 'I fear the wrath of Óðinn; we are heathen.' The disagreeable female, who drove me away like a wolf without hesitation, said they were holding a sacrifice to the elves inside her farmhouse. (St. 5.)"

Source (Translations) quoted from: R. D. Fulk (trans.), Austrfararvísur, in: Poetry from the Kings' Sagas I: Part 2, ed. Diana Whaley, Turnhout: Brepols, 2016, pp. 589-92.

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Yes, this was certainly a description of popular/ notorious blót, and dating back only to the beginning of the 11th century, the very ending period of the Norse paganism in Scandinavia.
It is nevertheless worth mentioning here that in the following contexts:

• The offering was also directed to lesser supernatural entities like elves, not only the gods.
• This kind of minor blót could perhaps be held as rather more daily basis than the famous winter (solstice) one.
• [Added]: This is actually one of the very few contemporary accounts on their belief/ a kind of ritual practice by the Norsemen (though Christian) themselves.

[Added]: Further reference to the offering to the elves (álfablót) can be found in:
John Lindow, Norse Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Heroes, Rituals, and Beliefs, Oxford: OUP, 2001, pp. 53f. (s.v. álfablót).

[Edited]: typo fixes, and italic added to some Norse words.