The problem with this question is that, as historians, we largely rely on written evidence to know what people who are long dead were thinking. Peasants were largely unable to write, so the sources that do survive were almost all produced by clergyman or on behalf of the knightly class. On the whole, peasant's opinions are very difficult to get a grip on because they rarely produced any written sources about their circumstances. Sources that we do have that give an insight into peasant life were mostly written by people who was not peasants themselves and were merely imagining the experience. For example, Piers Plowman, which is an allegorical narrative poem written in fourteenth century England, tells the story of a man named Will (from an unknown background) having a vision and a peasant character that appears in his dream is called Piers Plowman. While we see Piers ploughing, the character of Piers is not a real person but an allegory for Christ and therefore can not tell us a huge amount about peasant life. Furthermore, the author, William Langland (of whom not much is known) was probably from a rich farming family, so he was not speaking from experience when creating the character of Piers.

Perhaps the only time we really get to see peasant's opinions of their condition is when they rebelled - for example, at the Peasant's Revolt in 1381. We know they were angry about taxes (because they attacked tax collectors), and one of their chants was "When Adam delved and Eve span, who was then the gentleman?" but beyond that, what we know about the rebellion largely comes from the court records and chronicles which were written by people who opposed them. Could such records really tell us what was in the hearts and minds of the peasants? Or were the judges and chroniclers merely projecting their own fears and anxieties onto the peasants? And anyway, were attitudes in 1381 indicative of peasant opinion during the whole medieval period? Or was 1381 just a really unusual point in time where there was a lot of widespread discontent?