Questions concerning Cyrus the Great and The Achaemenid Empire during his rule

by Ko_Su_Mo
  1. I'm sure many of the then separate countries were practicing slavery. I'd imagine being conquered by the man who made the first ever known declaration of human rights would result in some complications and I'm especially interested in how the Babylonians reacted when Cyrus famously freed their captive Jewish population. So how did they react? What were some of said complications? And if anyone has enough time on their hands, what about some of the other places still practicing slavery?

  2. For the areas of the empire where slavery was successfully abolished or was never all that widespread in the first place, who were the farmers if not the slaves?

  3. How did the Greeks view Cyrus during and/or after his rule?

Thank you to anyone who answers any one of the questions in advance.

edit: grammar and formatting

lcnielsen

Hi, I have a few previous answers that might interest you:

  • The Cyrus Cylinder - Myth, Fact and Forgery; Addresses the propagandistic lie that the cylinder contained a declaration of human rights. It is utter nonsense and there was essentially nothing in what little we know of in Cyrus' policies that did not have precedent in Assyrian and Babylonian rule.

  • Why were Cyrus' campaigns so successful?; An attempt to reconstruct what little can be reconstructed of Cyrus' campaigns plus some general context.

To your specific questions,

  1. Freeing the "captive Jewish population" was nothing remarkable, it only seems so to us because of the Biblical narrative. The Near Eastern Empires routinely used population transfers as a means of control. It was typical of conquerors to issue declarations and orders to "restore" and rebuild the order that the previous dynasty had allegedly torn down. The Jews would almost certainly only have been one of many populations treated this way. Otherwise, we know little to nothingh about the immediate consequences of this as the records are very thin. Likely, they were not earth-shaking affairs.

  2. I'm not sure what you mean. I can't claim to be an expert on land use in the Ancient Near East, but land would have been worked either by "free" landowners under the sovereignty of some local nobleman, or in the case of large estates, by either professional free labourers, or in some cases, probably conscripted/tributary or otherwise forced labour, also used for construction and goods production. Most likely, war captives would have been integrated into these forces too. Most of our understanding of this comes from the Persepolis Fortification Tablets, so it is a bit limited in scope.

  3. Better see a Hellenist about that one!