I can't answer why you haven't heard of them, but there are women considered by believers to have been prophets (or rather, prophetesses).

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Prophet has, essentially, two meanings.

1. Someone who can foretell the future, due to a magical or religious ability.
2. In Abrahamic religions, it is believed that God has chosen specific people throughout history and talked to them directly, in order to spread his teachings or save the people. Different Abrahamic religions have different exact conceptions of the meaning (for example, how linked they are to the Jewish people, or whether there is a difference between The Prophets and people who can prophecy). Some Prophets are shared between religions (Abraham, Moses, etc) while others are not (Muhammed, Bahá'u'lláh, etc)

The link of course between the two meanings, is that many of the messages from God believed to have been received by Prophets are prophecies of the future.

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Graeco-Roman religion.

In Graeco-Roman religion, Apollo was most associated with prophecy. The most powerful female priest in Greece was the Pythia, better known today as the Oracle of Delphi. She was senior Priestess at the temple in Delphi, and was believed to be able to prophecy via communciation with Apollo. Many women served as prophetesses in Delphi ver the years, sometimes 3 at a time.

Prophetesses were also common in Greek myth. In the stories of the Trojan War, Cassandra was a Princess of Troy with whom Apollo fell in love. To win her heart, he gave her the gift of prophecy, but she turned him down. He then cursed her so that no-one would believe her prophecies. Cassandra predicted the fall of Troy, the Wooden Horse, etc, but the people considered her insane or a liar. She eventually was taken as a concubine by King Agamemnon. She prophecied his wife and her lover would murder both of them, but the King did not believe her, and so both of them died.

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Abrahamic Religion

In Islamic theology, most theologians argue that all Prophets have been male, but some consider Miriam (Mary), mother of Isa (Jesus) to have been a prophet.

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In the Jewish Talmud, there are 7 women who are considered Prophetesses. Sarah, Miriam, Deborah, Hannah, Abigail, Huldah and Esther.

Some of these are specifically mentioned in the Torah as Prophetesses, for example "Miriam the Prophetess" (Exodus).Others fulfilled an important role in Jewish history, and the religious record of their lives sometimes (but not always) includes prophecies.

For example, Deborah is recorded as a Hebrew leader before the development of Israel's monarchy. A judge of disputes, a war leader, and occasionally a woman who gave messages she claimed to be from God, including the occasional prophecy. For example, she told a chief to go and fight a rival, non-Hebrew tribe, but the chief refused unless she came. She prophecied that therefore the enemy king wouldn't be killed by him, but a woman. In the story, after losing the battle the enemy king was murdered by a woman in his sleep. (The Book of Judges).

But Deborah is unusual in being a political leader.

Others are important primarily in their role as mothers. Often they are sterile women who pray to God for children, such as Sarah (Wife of Abraham, mother of Isaac) and Hannah (mother of Samuel).

Others are virtuous wives of monarchs. Abigail is the wife of David, who convinces him not to kill his troublesome son, and prophecies he will have a great dynasty. Esther is the wife of a Persian King who uses her influence to prevent a massacre of the Jews.

As you can see, unlike male Prophets in Judaism who are generally either leaders of the Jews, or influential religious figures, many female prophets are role-models that present Jewish women with models of how to live a virtuous life as a mother or wife.

But that should not make you think that they are purely there to show women how to act within the confines of a patriarchal society. Miriam and Huldah are recorded as being consulted by powerful figures to divine the will of Yarwe, in the same way as powerful Greeks consulted the Pythia. It's quite plausible that Bronze and Iron Age Hebrews did have female priests believed to communicate the will of Yarwe. Similarly, Deborah, as a wise and brave leader of the Hebrew tribes, doesn't really fit into a stereotypical "women's role".

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Most Jewish Prophetesses are also considered as such by Christians. But the New Testament adds additional ones.

Some seem to be well-known prophetesses in the same sense as Miriam and Huldah; women known for their ability to pass on God's messages. For example, the Book of Luke mentions a "very old" Jewish woman called "Anna the Prophet" who lived in the Temple. Luke claims that when Jesus was taken to be circumcised, Anna began to "Praise God and speak about the child to all who were looking forward to the redemption of Jerusalem."

Then, in the early Church, there was a belief that the Holy Spirit had given Christians spiritual gifts, including "speaking in tongues" and "prophecying". This is not claimed to make people Prophets like Moses or Isiah, but it is a belief in supernatural messages from God, including of the future. Acts claims Peter, after receiving the Holy Spirit, claimed "Your sons and daughters will prophecy." There's not a lot of detail given about female prophets, but Philip the Evangelist is claimed by Acts to have had 4 daughters who prophecied. In his letter to the Corinthians, Paul wrote that women should not prophecy unless they wear head coverings (while men should not prophecy unless their heads are uncovered); this indicates that to Paul, Christian women prophecying was something he expected.

Finally, the author of Revelations talks about a Prophetess popular in Thyatira. He considers her a false prophet, calling her "Jezebel" and commands the Christians of Thyatira reject her.

So, in Christian theology, there are the same Prophetesses (capital P) as in Judaism, but also other women who prophecied (small P) by the power of the Holy Spirit.

Different Christian thinkers and denominations have had different views of how long this continued. Some Protestant denominations have claimed that prophecies only happened in the early Church. Others (like the Charismatic movement) believe that ordinary Christians (men and women) today can prophecy. The Catholic and Orthodox Churches have canonised many Saints who they believe could prophecy, including women. In the latter Middle Ages, there was a strong movement of religious women (including but not limited to nuns) who claimed visions and prophecies. Again, these are not considered Prophets like Isaiah or Jeremiah in the Old Testament, but they do include women who claimed to prophecy, some of whom were later endorsed via canonisation by the Catholic Church.

u/sunagainstgold has written a number of posts on here about Hildegard of Bremen and other medieval visionary women, but I can't give a very detailed answer about those.

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