I've always wondered if ancient Roman wine or Egyptian beer would knock a modern person on their butt or if it would be the other way around

No, quite the opposite. They made Alcoholism beverages all over the world, but they didn't have very advanced processes. Roman wine probably was there same strength as it is now, same for the beer. In fact, in Africa, they didn't know how to get it past 15 or 16%. Then, when Europe began colonizing Central and South America and Southeast Asia, they used the cane sugar for rum (rum existed in Russia before that (go figure) but it wasn't that good or alcoholic from what I've read) and set up breweries in New England and elsewhere. Rum has anywhere between 40 and 80% AC and played an instrumental role in the African slave trade, as the Africans had no other way of accessing such stuff.