Noam Chomsky writes in a footnote to American Power and the New Mandarins (Ch. 2):
For the reaction of a victim, see Makoto Oda, "The Meaning of 'Meaningless Death.'" Tenbo, January 1965, translated in the Journal of Social and Political Ideas in Japan, Vol. 4 (August 1966), pp. 75-84.
In the afternoon of August 14, 1945, thousands of people died during a protracted and intensive aerial bombardment of an arsenal in Osaka.
I was a witness to the tragedy. I saw dozens of corpses—loyal subjects literally consumed by service to a government which had already decided to accept the Potsdam Declaration’s demand for unconditional surrender. The only reason these people died was because they happened to have been in the arsenal or environs at the time of the air raid. After what seemed an eternity of terror and anguish, we who were fortunate enough to survive emerged from our shelters. We found the corpses—and the leaflets which American bombers had dropped over the destruction. The leaflets proclaimed in Japanese, “Your Government has surrendered. The war is over!”
It sounds like a confusion of events to me. The Osaka raid on August 14, 1945, began prior to the news of surrender being known and disseminated. While it was in progress, the war ended. A separate effort was made to disseminate this news to the Japanese, though I don't know the timing of this. But it sounds like the people in the shelters were in them long enough for the raid to end and leaflets to be dropped on them. How long would that have to be to be true? I don't know. But the leaflet campaigns and the bombing campaigns were not coordinated. So there were something ridiculous (they'd be funny if they weren't tragic) mishaps — e.g., Nagasaki got its complement of leaflets announcing the use of atomic bombs the day after it had been nuked.
But if the implication is, the bombing planes also dropped leaflets proclaiming the end of the war — that's just not the case. Aside from the fact that it is very well-documented that they started the raid without knowing the war was over, the leaflets were literally dropped by different plane groups (and needed specialized equipment, "leaflet bombs") than the bomber groups.