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Mickey Mouse was so well-known that the League of Nations in 1935 declared him an international symbol of good will and gave Walt Disney a medal.
In 1934, a Japanese propaganda cartoon, Momotaro vs Mickey, was made depicting an evil Mickey attacking Japan.
I cannot speak to the general international popularity of American cartoons, but Disney was certainly a known commodity in 1937/1938 with the release of Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs.
I even found reference that Goebbels in his diary said he gave Hitler 18 Mickey Mouse films for Christmas in 1937. This I stumbled on in a book about the German animation pioneer Lotte Reiniger, whose work place in the history of thr medium is recently been a subject of interest. The book is Lotte Reiniger: Pioneer of Film Animation by Whitney Grace and there is some fascinating insight there for further reading. The link I've provided is the Google books page with the Mickey references highlighted.
Mickey Mouse was also a somewhat popular mascot for German servicemen during WWII. German flying ace Adolf Galland even said, "I like Mickey Mouse. I always have." He even decorated his aircraft with a Mickey cartoon!