It is difficult to talk about „a“ Germany in this period. Germany itself did not exist before 1871 when the second German Empire was united after the Franco-Prussian War from 1870-1871. From the early Middle Ages to 1806 the Germanies were part of the Holy Roman Empire (of German Nation). This empire was ruled by the elected King of Germany who, at that time still by the pope in Rome, had to be crowned emperor (Kaiser). This election was made by the Kurfürsten, the highest lords in the Empire. Four „worldy“ lords and three „heavenly“ ones. The German part of this Empire was the largest and consisted of up to several hundred smaller and bigger feudal states.

I would not say that there had been a significant technical advancement in comparison to other European regions. The invention of printing by Guttenberg, yes.

There had been no significant influence on the German language at that time. In the 1400s Germans Spike wide dialects of Early-modern high and low German Language. The latter in the northern states is probably the closest linguistic cousin to English language up to this day but the influence came mostly from Latin and French.

Hope I could help for now.