Well that is a question that you could write a whole thesis about. Thus i will just answer by giving a short overview of some main events related thereto. However i consider myself able to answer follow up questions if desired.

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• The end of the Holy Roman Empire
• The creation of middle sized states in Germany and the end of all smaller or clerical states in Germany
• Prussia becoming more of a dominant power in Germany (due to territorial changes)
• The Treaty of Vienna (1814-1815)
• The Restauration of old powers in Europe
• Forcing European countries to enact reforms (civil and militaric)
• The spread of democratic ideas throughout Europe (much more impact than the American revolution)
• The spread of national ideas throughout Europe (espeacilly Germany and Italy)
• A change in military tactics and the abolishment of city walls (at least in greater cities)
• Direct or indirect helping to create constitutions in many European countries
• Establishment of Land Registry in occupied territories
• End of the First French colonial empire (notably: Lousiana purchase)
• End of Spain beeing a dominant colonial power
• Brazil´s independence

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I might be missing out some smaller points, but these should be the main important ones.

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