On the continent, Vulgar Latin evolved into the languages we know today as French, Spanish, and Italian. But what about the British Isles? After centuries of Roman rule, did they develop their own dialect of Latin that might have gone on to become its own Romance language?
It's a difficult question, because evidence is scarce one way or another : the consensus is that Vulgar Latin might have been an urban language, especially in the south-eastern regions and place of active Roman institutions (such as York), which shared everyday use with British speeches, in a probable diglossic relationship, meaning that Vulgar Latin was the high social language.
Still, Britain was comparativrly to the other provinces of western Romania, significantly under-develloped and without a real effort of Roman settlement safe near Roman camps, and especially in the western and northern margins, Britton was probably still an everyday language, but with the preservation of a Briton's cultural life. There's even an expression used by Roman soldiers for natives, in the Vindolanda's Tables : "Little Bretons" (Brittunculi) hinting at a cultural and political rupture as late as the early IInd century, which is at best less apparent in the Germanic limes.
British Vulgar Latin, as far as it can be told giving the limited evidence there is (few inscriptions, study of borrowed Latin words in Germanic and Brythonic speeches), seems to have followed a similar evolution than in Gaul or Spain with maybe some antiquated pronounciation, maybe out of hyper-correction, sometimes, while classical and institutional Latin survived on its own too.
Basically, Roman Britain shared a same Vulgar Latin linguistic ensemble with other latinized Roman provinces without apparent radical difference : a Gallo-Roman was probably able to understand a Britto-Roman without too much troubles, maybe able to identify the origin of this person thanks to their accent.
Situation is much more difficult to assert after the collapse of Roman Britain in the Vth (namely the disappearence of urban life and the ruin of provincial romanisation) that took place. Certainly usage of Latin didn't vanished overnight and even in the VIth century there's evidence of an institutional, memorial use. We don't have evidence on how and when Vulgar Latin survived in Britain, but it certainly did giving the loanwords in Anglo-Saxon, Gaelic and Brythonic speeches.
Theories over a "Britto-Romance" speech, meaning there the evolution of British Vulgar latin severed from mainland evolution do exist, but lacks some definitive evidence. Eventually, it is possible that it went trough a specific evolution mirroring Gallo-Romance, but the jury is still out until some proof can be made.
By the time Vulgar Latin speeches in the mainland gave birth to specific Romance languages (roughly after a period of four centuries, after the IVth, which wasn't only set by linguistic but as well institutional matters), there's no evidence that you had remaining Latin speakers in England. It's not clear what happened, but the social and cultural basis for Vulgar Latin was damaged enough that it probably favoured either a return to Brythonnic once Romano-British peoples were left with the former less romanised regions of Britain, and in areas giving birth to early Anglo-Saxon kingdoms the promotion of Germanic speeches as the language of the petty-kings (maybe, altough it's debated, with a hint of cultural apartheid).