Germany seems to be a popular region for English-tradition folk songs to send lovers to:
Do these songs refer to a specific war in Germany (and if so, are they all the same war?), or is Germany just a convenient synecdoche for "somewhere far away"? Alternatively, perhaps I could find as many examples of France or Spain if I went looking?
"High Germany" refers to the War of the Spanish Succession between 1701 and 1714.
"My love is in Germany" refers to the Thirty years war.
"The Bonnie Lass o Bennachie" probably refers to the Seven Years War but I base this only on the fact that it is allegedly losely based on a marriage in 1770 and the Seven Years War seems the most likely fit for a soldier from Scotland to have fought in Germany.
The trickiest one is Jackie Munro but based on its similarity in narrative to that of The Bonnie Lass o Bennachie I would guess that they are actually based on the same events. Now, this is highly speculative because 'Maiden Warrior' ballads are very common folk songs but Jackie Munro shares more than just the maiden warrior narrative with The Bonnie Lass o Bennachie.
In both songs we have a high born woman in good standing who is to be wed but has her eye set on a low born man. In The Bonnie Lass o Bennachie her father has him falsely accused, imprisoned and forcibly conscripted, in Jackie Munro he is already a soldier but her father has press ganged (this is rather a-historical as a soldier can not be impressed, nor were, to my knowledge, any soldiers ever impressed for service in Germany but we can put that down to creative license). In both songs the woman then travels to Germany, in Jackie Munro as a soldier, in The Bonnie Lass o Bennachie as herself. In both versions she finds her love, Jackie finds John wounded, the lass of Bennachie as a sentry. They are then married and presumably live happily ever after as warrior maiden ballads often end.
That said, given when these songs seem to have become popular it is possible that the Napoleonic wars were actually responsible for their popularity as these warrior maiden themes tend to become more popular in times of war. It is also worth keeping in mind that Britain and Prussia were long term allies and that Britain has been involved in a lot of wars in what could losely be called 'germany' so these songs could also just use germany as a generic place for British soldiers to go and fight.