Where did the viking first hail from ? .

'Viking' is often a contentious term in academia. /u/Platypuskeeper has gone into some detail about the etymology of the word itself but it wasn't one commonly used by contemporaries of the Early Medieval Scandinavians. Because Early Medieval Scandinavians is a bit of a mouthful, 'Norse' is often used as a shorthand in historical literature but that in itself is a somewhat loaded term. The earliest English mention of 'Vikings' terms them simply 'Pagans' or 'Heathens'. Asser's Vita Ælfredi refers continuously to 'the Heathen', although this is largely as part of his Christian moral narrative, as Alfred's English forces are often referred to as 'The Christians', even after Guđrum's conversion in 886.

In the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle and other contemporary English sources, the writers refer to the enemy specifically as the Danes, and later as the Norwegians, and are apparently quite clear on where these invaders are from. Interestingly, contemporary Welsh sources refer to them simply as 'The Northmen', who are distinct from the North Englishmen and other English kingdoms referred to as Anglii and Saxoni.

Did they colonize any places ?

There is significant Danish colonisation of the east coast of Ireland, particularly centred around sites such as Wexford, Waterford and Dublin, as well as in the 'Danelaw' areas of England - predominantly Northumbria and East Anglia - which were under Danish political control for some 20-40 years. By the reign of Æthelræd II in the late 10th century, the Danish ethnic presence in these areas is apparently still readily discernable.

What pushed them to raiding ?

For most of what we term 'the Viking Age' (in England c.793 to c.1066-ish) the major threat is not from raiding but from invasion on a state level. The 'Great Army' arrives in England in the 860s and is a significant threat, the legacy of which lasts for some 60 years. Raiding, while a common occurrence, from the 860s onwards is most often part of a wider strategy designed to exhaust and systematically degrade the defences of the target state, to leave its armies tired and strung out and thus unable to respond effectively to the main thrust of invasion. This is a strategy only really effectively countered by the establishment of the Burghal Network from the 870s onwards.

What caused them to die out ?

I wrote a little bit here about what happens to the Vikings in England. The long story short is that they didn't 'die out' - they often integrated effectively into host societies while Scandinavia itself slowly centralised its political authority.