I can really only speak about the period up until German unification in 1871, but the short answer is yes.

Prior to German unification in 1871 by Otto von Bismarck, Germany still had major differences in economic development between its different regions. The largest region by area in what would become Germany was Prussia, occupying most of the eastern half of the country, as well as land in what is now Poland and the Baltic sea coast. Prussia’s economic structure prior to unification was almost entirely dependent on agriculture. Most land in Prussia was divided up into large estates owned by a group called the Junckers, a group of landed elites. Actual agricultural production was done by peasants living on these estates. In the early 1800’s, over 70% of the Prussian population either worked or lived in the countryside, resulting in low levels of capital good production and urbanization. Another factor that affected urban development in Prussia was the emphasis on grain monoculture (cereals production) and, preventing the diversification of agriculture or other related production such as dairy farming. Emphasis on traditional cultivation methods also played a role in stifling economic growth through agriculture. Land reforms were also pushed through during this time period but the landed elites were largely able to resist them.

In contrast, the western provinces of Germany such as the Ruhr region were rich with natural resources like coal and other minerals. Textile manufacturing and dairy farming (particularly in the northern regions) provided goods available for export to neighboring countries. Industrialization occurred much more rapidly in the western regions to meet the demand for exports, rather than in the east. The government also incentivized production of certain goods like sugar beets and textiles through reduced taxation schemes, which did not occur in Prussia.

These economic differences can be seen in the urbanization patterns within both halves of Germany. Growth in western cities was a combination of internal migration and natural growth through births, while growth in eastern cities was relatively marginal and relied on solely internal migration. For example, prior to 1840, urbanization rates in the west grew marginally while urbanization rates in the east actually fell. Post-1840’s, the eastern half of Germany did experience growth in urbanization trends but the growth was indeed marginal (around 5%). Mortality rates (especially infant mortality) were higher in the east than in the west, compounding demographic issues.

Other factors in Germany in this time affected changes in economic development such as the expansion of railways, educational reform including mandatory primary school and the creation of the Zollverein, a customs union between German states with the intention of expanding economic growth and encouraging trade. However, there seems to be a lack of historical consensus on how much impact these reforms had on economic growth.

Hopefully another user can expand on the changes to Germany from unification through WWII. I hope this response helped.

Sources:

‘Relative backwardness’ and long-run development: economic, demographic and social changes by Robert Lee

Demographic growth, industrialization and social change by Volker Berghahn

Edit: As other users have rightfully pointed out below, what I've written above mostly concerns the variation between Prussia and the other German states. Saxony, a separate German state south of Prussia, was one of the first eastern German states to embrace industrialization, particularly concerning textile export and mining. This large export market and subsequent industrialization allowed the smaller Saxony to surpass Prussia in economic development. The text Proto-Industrialization in Germany by Shelagh Ogilvie indicates that urban trade guilds in Saxony were robust and also received state privilege which drove rural guildspeople to cities, accelerating industrialization past its neighbor Prussia.