On a recent trip to Athens, I noticed that most museums and historical sites made almost no mention of the city's centuries of Ottoman rule, and very little medieval history. Why don't they generally view the city's medieval and early-modern history as worthy of commemoration and display?

by J-Force
charlesthe50th

Greeks and most other nations don’t look positively towards foreign occupation, especially occupation from rivals like the Ottomans. To get an understanding of your question, we have to look at Greek perceptions of Ottoman rule as well as exactly why Greek history (and Athenian history) are so focused on Ancient Greece.

We’ll start with the historical prominence of Ancient Greece. In my opinion, this is largely related to romantic historiographical views of the ancient western world that can be seen today. Looking at certain ancient greek philosophers and philosophies at the founding principles of western philosophy means that history is often focused on Athens and the eastern Mediterranean as a “foundation”. It’s a source of Greek nationalism, and even the Greek war of independence against the Ottomans used these themes. Along with the existence of so many ancient buildings and the generally large influence of Greece in the history of the “western world” (I know this is a rather narrow view of history, but it is true in some ways and was the widely held view for hundreds of years.) All of this tends to overshadow other areas of Greek history, though other areas do still receive attention.

The second big reason that the occupation of Greece by the Ottomans receives so little attention by Greece is because of the period itself; the Ottomans were an occupying/colonizing power. They didn’t speak Greece, and they tended to oppress who they occupied. I’ll try to stay objective, but high taxes meant that Greek citizens within Anatolia would be treated as second-class citizens and Greek citizens within Greece would be occupied. Life certainly advanced, but to the common citizen they would not feel free. The infamous “Tribute of Children” meant that Christian communities had to give a child to the Ottoman state to be raised as Janisarries. (Relatively speaking, Ottoman oppression wasn’t extreme, but it still created dissent.) The invention of the idea of the Ottoman control of Greece as slavery is fundamentally a myth that arose out of Greek nationalist propaganda from the early 19th century and onwards. With this idea, rebels could justify their fight and continue to foster a Greek nationalism loosely based on pride in Ancient Greece. This was fostered by the Greek orthodox church, justifying occupation as the “‘yoke of the infidel Turks’ as a punishment from God to ‘purify the Orthodox Christians’, which thus legitimized Turkish rule in terms of the history of redemption.” As well as this, European powers helped maintain and create Greek nationalism as a way to both undermine Ottoman rule and as an early example of a European project. In their view, Greece was the genesis of their own existence, meaning it was something they could all unify over helping to create.( http://ieg-ego.eu/en/threads/european-media/european-media-events/ioannis-zelepos-greek-war-of-independence-1821-1832/view#NationalistRevolutionaryEnergyfromtheLate18thCenturyOnward) Furthermore, the origins of this nationalism and romanticism of Ancient Greece has it’s origins in the French revolution and the beginning of serious republicanism in Europe. Continuing on with Ottoman occupations of Greece, Greece often served as a battleground between the Ottomans and Venice, and their once-proud Byzantine history was replaced by what they perceived as Turkish oppression. The Parthenon, arguably the most well-known Athenian and Greek building, was accidentally (mostly) destroyed by Turks when a massive arsenal and gunpowder magazine stored in the Parthenon blew up, killing hundreds and destroying the Parthenon. Why would a state. Finally, the Greek war of independence was accompanied by a Greek revival of ideals. Why would a state so deeply entrenched in it’s own heritage as an ancient nation focus on and celebrate a period where it was occupied by a foreign power? Even if the period may have had great triumphs and advances, popular perception of history prefers to focus on ancient city-states instead of Ottoman occupation. To this day, a historic rivalry stands between Greece and Turkey.

Sorry if this isn’t quite up to standards; this is my first post here and i’m by no means an expert on Greek history.