I actually wrote a paper on this last term at university.

Long story short: doctors. They turned to doctors. And midwives. And each other. Doctors could be male or female; female physicians were a incredibly small percentage, but not unheard of (Green, 440). Medieval society recognized a difference between "female doctor" and "midwife", as well (Green, 438-439). A midwife was not just any female medical practitioner, though the exact definition of what a midwife was varied across nations and language. Midwives were often women and did not have formal training and their medical knowledge was passed on orally in apprenticeship (Graver, 216). Thus, the majority of knowledge women had about midwifery was not committed to the page and is lost to us.

Now, the "medieval era" is a huge span of time, usually measured from around the decline of the Western Roman Empire in the early 400s to the beginning of the Renaissance, usually considered be around the 1300s. Note: these dates are extremely loose. Eras in history do not start and stop on hard lines like chapters in a book. Elements of "medieval" culture predate 400 and persist after 1300 throughout Europe, but when people say "Medieval Europe", this is usually the era they mean.

The main difference between a doctor, surgeon, or barber and a midwife is that a doctor had to be licensed. Doctors were university educated (or they would claim to be), and belonged to a guild. Records of both licensed, trained female healthcare practitioners and unlicensed midwives are found in medieval England, France, Spain, Italy, and the Carolingian Empire (Green, 439). Evidence of Jewish female doctors (Green, 444) and Muslim female doctors (Green, 442) living and working in Europe also exists.

It's important to remember that most laywomen, whether noble or merchants or serfs, would have probably attended or aided in a birth at some point in her life (Green, 472). Mothers assisted daughters in birth, servants assisted ladies. Women who were untrained but had practical experience in the delivery of children may by considered "midwives" (the term was vague in it's usage in the medieval era, since no organization oversaw them). It is possible (indeed, it is theory of some historians [Green, 439; Garver, 213) that this nontextual network of female medical knowledge acted as a source of reproductive healthcare for those women who could not afford to contract the services of a trained physician.

Given all this, it is difficult to know with certainty what sort of information laywomen would have had access to. Information did not circulate the same way in the medieval era as it does today. Women rarely left written firsthand accounts of their lives and knowledge that survive today, and of course, illiterate people, male or female, left no written accounts whatsoever.

We do know what trained physicians had access to, though. The writings of Soranus, Hippocrates, and Galen were Greek and Roman sources. Ibn Sina, Masawaih, and Al-Razi were Arab authors whose medical texts had been translated into Latin. All offer knowledge on contraception and abortion, most even provide recipes for abortifacients (Riddle, 86, 93, et al.).

Medieval physicians actively added to this body of knowledge. Famously, there is Trotla of Salerno, purported to be a female physician whose work, the Trotula, a treatise on female medical care, was widely circulated throughout Europe (Riddle, 124). The work survives, but its authorship is in question. Regardless, Salerno was a huge centre of medical advancement in the 12th century (Green, 442; Riddle, 118). One physician, Arnald of Villanova, wrote a treatise where he titles a chapter within it, "Things so that a women will not conceive in order that she might be seen as marriageable". This is quiet extraordinary, because the author, in the 13th century, is offering advice on contraception specifically so that women may enjoy premarital sex without consequence (Riddle 138).

So in summation: we have no firsthand accounts of the knowledge that common women had about their reproductive healthcare, thus, everything we can surmise about their access to healthcare is contextual and circumstantial. However, given what we know about the state of medieval European medical knowledge and the nontextual network of midwives, we can perhaps assume that common women had access to some amount of reproductive health care, though perhaps not guaranteed to be the same level of knowledge as a literate university trained physician.

If you're further interested in this topic, I cannot recommend the scholar Monica Green enough. The majority of her work is centered on medieval women's healthcare and the intersection of medieval women and the medieval medical field. Her quantitative survey of the records of midwives that I've drawn heavily from here "Women's Medical Practice and Health Care in Medieval Europe", is a fantastic place to start.

Sources:

Valerie L. Garver, "Childbearing and Infancy in the Carolingian World," Journal of the History of Sexuality 21, no. 2 (2012).

Monica Green. "Women's Medical Practice and Health Care in Medieval Europe." Signs 14, no. 2 (1989).

John M. Riddle. Contraception and Abortion from the Ancient World to the Renaissance. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1992.