I heard that most refugees from Middle East in the 20th century were often lied by the informers that they were going to USA, but later it turned out to be Brazil. How true is that?

by Elver-Galarga7

And why most of the refugees are from Lebanon, and Israel? Why not the Egyptian and Turkish parts of Ottoman Empire?

Why the location is usually Brazil?

Zooasaurus

I'll try to answer your question, sorry if it doesn't satisfy you.

It's complicated, but probably not. Most Ottoman immigrants, especially of the first generation wanted to reach "Amerika" wherever this might turn out to be, before actually choosing their specific destination. When they were refused entry to the United States for health or legal reasons, they used to travel down south instead of returning home, and landed mostly in Brazil or Argentina. Of course, this was only one way for the immigrants to land in Brazil. Many Ottoman immigrants already had Brazil as destination, for various reasons. Many viewed Brazil as a land of opportunity and freedom just like the United States. Pedro II's visit to the Middle East in the 1870s and his extensive tour to Syria and Lebanon helped to draw and convince people of Brazil's status as a country for immigrants. However, a perception of political, social and economic development in Brazil played a more important role in inviting Middle Eastern migrants. Beginning in the mid 19th century steamships filled with people and goods regularly plied the oceans between the Middle East and Europe, then continued on to Latin America. This made migration to Brazil easy and decreasingly expensive. Brazil's seemingly smooth transition from empire to republic, at least when compared to the civil wars that other Latin American countries had endured, led many Middle Easterners to place faith in Brazil as a nation with a clear vision of the future. Not to mention Brazil's need for manpower after the abolition of slavery to man the rubber and agricultural industry in the country led to lax immigration policies. and these enticed Middle Eastern immigrants, who migrated mostly to enhance their economic standing. Additionally, travel companies also aggressively encourage, facilitate, and mediate migrations, often with very exaggerated and unrealistic advertisements. Some Brazilian writers also wrote books about Brazil and distributed these books to thousands of people for free. They were encouraging poor people to emigrate to Brazil by distributing postcards, beautiful pictures, and maps. There were promises for farmers coming to Sao Paulo to pay for their travel expenses, to distribute free agricultural tools and to provide free land. All these factors contributed to Middle Eastern emigration to Brazil. The existence of such informants lying to immigrants isn't implausible, but most Middle Eastern immigrants already had an idea, probably a rough or exaggerated one, about the country they're migrating to.

Most immigrants were of Syrian origin because the socio-Economic status in the region, During the last half of the 19th century, changes in the economic and ethnocultural structure of Ottoman society coupled with the industrialization of North America and the rise of large agricultural enterprises in South America incite people in the Ottoman Empire to migrate, just like everywhere else. That era marked the pouring of millions of Crimean, Balkan, and Caucasian refugees to Ottoman lands which was later settled and given lands to cultivate. While this resulted in an agricultural revolution and overall increase of revenue in Ottoman agricultural economy, not all people benefited from this. The coastal areas with relatively rich agricultural lands and ports developed rapidly, but the interior due to lack of transportation and other causes, did not immediately feel the benefit of the socioeconomic boom occurring along the privileged coasts. In some areas of Anatolia and Syria the immigrant Bosnians, Circassians, Cretans, and Turks were prospering, while some Syrians, tied to their old land and unable to accept innovative methods remained economically stagnant and socially and culturally conservative. For the Lebanese specifically, due to the stony and rocky majority of the Lebanon region, the areas suitable for agriculture were considerably inadequate compared to the population. The most basic agricultural product grown in the region was silk cocoons and olive, which was booming in the early and mid 19th century. However as time goes, British, German and Japan's artificial silk began to compete with the natural silk of Syria had a negative impact on the region's economy. Reaching its zenith in the early 1870s, the price of silk spiraled downward to nearly half its value in the 1890s. Not only silk, but also the woven industry received its share of this competition. With the struggling silk industry and the lack of demand for workforce, many decided to immigrate to the Americas in search for employment

Based on calculation from the (very) rough data available, Brazil was the third country after the USA and Argentina in the ranking of the countries receiving immigration from the Ottoman Empire.

Sources:

Labour Migration From The Ottoman Empire To Brazil And Argentina and The Socio-Economic State Of The Migrants (1850-1915) by Hamdi Genç

The Ottoman Emigration to America, 1860-1914 by Kemal Karpat