How were masculinity and femininity perceived by the indigenous population, in particular meso-america prior to its conquest by the Spanish? How did these gender roles change afterwards?
Great question! You may find this earlier thread interesting, dealing esp. with central Mexico and the Aztecs and including two answers:
Mine looks more generally at gender roles and female education in pre-Hispanic and into early colonial times, with a focus on colonial changes.
This great one by /u/400-Rabbits goes more into detail on pre-colonial female education and women's daily lives (be sure to check out the follow ups there).
Hope this helps, in case of follow ups to my answer you can just let me know here.