I picked up Euphues: the Anatomy of Wit after learning of it's existence via a Bertie Wooster novel and I found a reference that I didn't recognize. In short:
Alexander, valiant in war, yet given to wine.
Tullie, eloquent in his glosses, yet vainglorious.
Solomon, wise, yet too too wanton.
Obviously I recognize Alexander and Solomon, but who is Tullie? Is it Marcus Tullius Cicero, and if so, was it typical of the 1500s or any time to call him (to me the particularly English and diminutive) "Tullie"?
Yup that's Cicero. Now we're more used to calling him by his cognomen, but formerly he was referred to by his nomen, Tullius, or Tully or Tullie in English. In fact we still do this for Virgil (Publius Virgilius Maro) and Horace (Quintius Horatius Flaccus), but it used to be the opposite way around. English-speakers called Virgil and Horace by their cognomina, "Maro" (or Anglicized to "Maron") and "Flaccus".
Presumably this was influenced by/related to the French tradition where he was also called Tulle or Tulles. I know of at least one medieval French text that calls him "Tulle" (John of Ibelin, Livre des Assises, ed. Peter Edbury, Brill, 2003, pg. 717).
I'm not sure why or when we switched, but I do know there's a book about how people read Cicero in early modern English: Master Tully: Cicero in Tudor England by Howard Jones (Nieuwkoop, 1998).