Well ... yes. Women have historically changed their names in order to reflect that they were now under their husband's legal personhood.

Hereditary (and therefore marital) surnames weren't generally used in England until after the Norman Conquest. It was typical instead for people to be known by their first name, and then identified further by indicating their place of origin, their occupation, the immediate location of their home (like Atwood, Atbridge, etc.), or an aspect of their appearance, among other possibilities. By 1250, most of the landowning families were using surnames that were passed down and married into rather than descriptive; by 1350, most non-landowning families were also using them. At this time and through the nineteenth century, English marriages were governed by coverture, which I described in detail in this answer: basically, it's the principle that when a woman married, her legal personhood was merged with her husband's. This did have some protective elements (the husband would be liable for his wife's debts), but the main function of coverture was to put women wholly under their husbands' authority: any property or money they owned before marriage or gained after it, including wages they earned or pay for goods or services they'd provided, belonged to their husbands; their husbands were literally allowed to beat their wives, and a wife was considered as having given consent for all future sex, so under the law nothing her husband did to her was considered rape. She was "covered" by her husband's identity, which is why she took on his last name: she belonged to him, just as his children did.

Compare this to the Spanish tradition, which did not have coverture. Women did not give up their rights to their own money or legal standing on marriage - and they also kept the surname they were given at birth. In general, their children were given either their surname or their husbands', or even the surname of a more distant relative, depending on which surnames were more prestigious, even to the extent that siblings might have different names if a balance of power shifted. Similarly, the early modern Dutch and their new-world colonists did not have coverture, and Dutch women also kept their maiden names. In general, the standard in Continental Europe was for husbands and wives to own property together and for women to have their own property ... and for women to keep their maiden names (until the end of the early modern era).

Coverture made women their husbands' property - this is considered pretty inarguable. It's not a coincidence that its destruction of a woman's individual identity and rights went along with the loss of her own name.