Are there any historical examples or accounts of survivors of the Black Death, I.e. people who contracted it during the outbreak and went on to survive? If not, what first-person contemporary accounts should one read to get a better understanding of what life was like at the time?

Hi! Until someone comes along who is more familiar with the contemporary sources comes along, you might want to take a look at an old answer I wrote about how the Black Death works here, and plenty of people who contracted the disease survived. It doesn't have a 100% mortality rate.

As to contemporary accounts of what it was like, you might want to try Giovanni Boccaccio's account of the plague's arrival in Florence. Unfortunately, contemporary sources are rarely around on the internet free for everyone to read, but that one is.