Basically what title says. To my understanding Archimedes was killed by a Roman soldier during a seige, although they were given explicit instructions that Archimedes not be harmed. While recounts of the event seem to vary, none of them suggest that Archimedes was doing anything to give a true defense for this soldier slaying one of the best polymaths the time had (was only carrying some math tools with him, or sitting at a desk, etc). So, considering that the Roman soldier violated his orders and killed someone that the Romans probably saw as great value...what happened to that soldier? Do we even know? In my brief search I never saw the soldier mentioned by name, which makes me question if we (or even, if they) know exactly who killed him.
Thanks!
I believe the answer is “we don’t know.” As you say, no sources (to my knowledge) name the soldier and given that Archimedes’ death occurred during a siege it is possible that not even the Romans knew exactly who did it. Our sources do not agree on whether the soldier who killed Archimedes even knew who he was killing - to him it may have just been another Syracusan.
Edit: It is important to remember that the Greeks and Romans viewed history writing as a rhetorical exercise as much as a record of facts. Because of this, the description of the circumstances of Archimedes death (for example, that he was killed by a Roman soldier sent to bring him to see the general, Marcellus) must also be called into question. If I were being cautious, I’d say that all we can really say is that Archimedes died in the siege of Syracuse, probably by the hand of a Roman soldier.