Volcano sacrifice

by piedragon22

You see it in movies and TV occasionally of indigenous people throwing people into volcanos to appease the gods or something is there any evidence that this ever happened?

AncientHistory

To re-hash an older answer here:

The old method of sacrifice was to throw the living victim into the crater of the volcano at the foot of the lake. But when Ixtil became Cacique one of his first acts was to ordain that she should first be put to death in a way I shall have occasion to describe later on. As it was firmly believed that the least departure from the prescribed ritual would be punished by a destructive outbreak of the volcano, this proceeding naturally caused considerable commotion among both priests and people; but as no evil consequences had so far come to pass, the popular discontent was gradually subsiding, and had it not been kept alive by Cohitemi and his party, the innovation would have met with general acquiescence. [...]

Suma to be sacrificed—killed by her own father—thrown into the volcano!

It's difficult to pin down the origins of the trope, except to say that by and large you start seeing it in English literature in the late 19th century. Accounts of blood sacrifice in various religions goes back to antiquity and probably prehistoric times, but "sacrifice by volcano" is unusual simply because they aren't a usual factor of the landscape (and even when they are, there usually isn't a convenient pool of molten rock in the caldera itself). Volcanic islands were a prime spot for this sort of trope to appear: in Hawaii, for example, victims would be sacrificed at the luakini heiau (temple), not literally thrown into the volcano, but they had blood sacrifice + a volcano goddess that other sacrifices were offered to. European explorers' and missionaries' accounts of human sacrifice in far-off places (usually told to them rather than witnessed) were sometimes embellished, and eventually those were compiled and collated:

The last belief may help to explain a custom, which some people have observed, of throwing human victims into volcanoes. The intention of such a practice need not be simply to appease the dreadful volcanic spirits by ministering to their fiendish lust of cruelty; it may be a notion that the souls of the men or women who have been burnt to death in the crater will join the host of demons in the fiery furnace, mitigate their fury, and induce them to spare the works and the life of man. But, however we may explain the custom, it has been usual in various parts of the world to throw human beings as well as less precious offerings into the craters of active volcanoes. Thus the Indians of Nicaragua used to sacrifice men, women, and children to the active volcano Massaya, flinging them into the craters: we are told that the victims went willingly to their fate. In the island of Siao, to the north of Celebes, a child was formerly sacrificed every year in order to keep the volcano Goowoong Awoo quiet. The poor wretch was tortured to death at a festival which lasted nine days. In later times the place of the child has been taken by a wooden puppet, which is hacked to pieces in the same way. The Alelareese of Halmahera say that the Sultan of Ternate used annually to require some human victims, who were cast into the crater of the volcano to save the island from its ravages. In Java the volcano Bromo or Bromok is annually worshipped by people who through offerings [...]

...and so on and so forth; this is the chapter titled "Volcanic Religion" in Sir James George Frazer's The Golden Bough, and while Frazer didn't invent any of that, he did help popularize the concept, which also appeared in works like the "Volcano gods and sea gods" entry of the Encyclopaedia of Religio and Ethics (1915).

As far as I'm aware the first Hollywood depiction of this practice was the film Bird of Paradise (1932), and that has the basic idea of "throwing yourself into the fiery volcano" at the end which would since become the standard trope, appearing prominently in films like Garfield in Paradise (1986) and Joe Versus the Volcano (1990). The Pacific/Polynesian version of the volcano sacrifice trope in particular got a major boost in the mid-1930s with the advent of Tiki culture, starting with the opening of Don the Beachcomber's restaurant in Hollywood in 1934 and Trader Vic's in Oakland in '37; the idea of "maidens sacrificed to the volcano god" became part of the theme, however dubious the reality.