So we're all told that the Dark Ages (resulting from the collapse of the Roman Empire) was a period were human technology went backwards; but the Byzantines were around and were a pretty sizeable nation up until 1200 or so.
What went wrong? After all, the geeks invented the first-known computer: Antikythera mechanism. They had the best scientists, libraries, etc. One can't help but reckon what could've been!
While you wait for a more specific answer, you may find our FAQ section on the 'Dark Ages' to be of relevance.