Yes - certainly the upper echelons of society would have. Most likely around year 1000, the epic Beowulf was recorded in writing in England, most likely by a Christian monk. This epic is based on oral myths carried from Southern Scandinavia/North Germany with various ethnic groups, some who invaded England and settled there as the Anglo-Saxons. The epic is considered to have been a way for the Saxons to trace their heritage back to their roots in Norther Europe, and it was well noted at the time that they were not Christian back then - it's even noted in the text itself by the person who wrote it down.

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Beowulf is not a historical document, even though it offers insight in how society was structured and functioned at the time Beowulf is set to take place (that is, around year 300-600), but kings and people's we know existed, are mentioned in the text.

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Beowulf would very likely have been known to the literate parts of English society, and possibly the lower rungs as well, but carried as an oral tradition. The text survived up until the modern day in mostly intact shape, and was even lectured on by Tolkien himself, who based the Lord of the Rings on the story.

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If you are very interested in this topic, I would recommend reading the Penguin Books translation of Beowulf. It contains a long foreword by the translator and contains a fantastic analysis of the text and it's historical impact: https://www.amazon.com/Beowulf-Verse-Translation-Penguin-Classics/dp/0140449310