I mean, it surely depends on what you define as an "apocalypse." For some peoples and places, sure. Consider the Americas after contact with Europeans, in which entire communities and peoples were depopulated. Charles Mann has a haunting passage in 1492 about Tisquantum (usually known as "Squanto") returning to his native Patuxet five years after having being kidnapped and taken to England:

Patuxet had been hit with special force. Not a single person remained. Tisquantum’s entire social world had vanished. Looking for his kinsfolk, he led Dermer on a melancholy march inland. The settlements they passed lay empty to the sky but full of untended dead. Tisquantum’s party finally encountered some survivors, a handful of families in a shattered village. These people sent for Massasoit, who appeared, Dermer wrote, “with a guard of fiftie armed men”—and a captive French sailor, a survivor of the shipwreck on Cape Cod. Massasoit asked Dermer to send back the Frenchman. And then he told Tisquantum what had happened.

One of the French sailors had learned enough Massachusett to inform his captors before dying that God would destroy them for their misdeeds. The Nauset scoffed at the threat. But the Europeans carried a disease, and they bequeathed it to their jailers. Based on accounts of the symptoms, the epidemic was probably of viral hepatitis... Whatever the cause, the results were ruinous. The Indians “died in heapes as they lay in their houses,” the merchant Thomas Morton observed. In their panic, the healthy fled from the sick, carrying the disease with them to neighboring communities. Behind them remained the dying, “left for crows, kites, and vermin to prey upon.” Beginning in 1616, the pestilence took at least three years to exhaust itself and killed as much as 90 percent of the people in coastal New England. “And the bones and skulls upon the severall places of their habitations made such a spectacle,” Morton wrote, that the Massachusetts woodlands seemed to be “a new-found Golgotha,” the Place of the Skull, where executions took place in Roman Jerusalem.

But of course we do not generally consider such a thing "apocalyptic" unless we identify with those who suffered from the apocalypse, and the fact that (different) people resettled Patuxet, and it is now a bustling part of the state of Massachusetts, perhaps gives a different sense of what "post-apocalyptic" living might be.

One can find many other examples if one wants. The Black Death killed approximately a third of Europe — an unimaginable number today. (Consider that a "decimation" is only one in ten!) Was that apocalyptic? For those who lived through it, surely. But recovery did occur; the post-apocalypse moved on, as it does, if it can. Just to illustrate the other end of the scale.

We might also look at places in between, such as the indigenous peoples of central America who died in great numbers after contact with Europeans, but the survivors subsequently were part of an entirely new, hybrid society. The peoples of Mexico put great stock in this vision of themselves, as neither Aztec nor Spanish, and the indigenous people of Mexico now survive in far greater numbers than they ever did prior to contact with the Europeans. Again, a very different model of "post-apocalyptic" — more of a synthesis of two worlds.

Lastly, there is also the theory of the Toba eruption population bottleneck. There is some DNA evidence to suggest that Homo Sapiens was reduced to some 10,000-30,000 individuals (that is, fewer people than in the modern city of Hoboken, NJ) as a result of a major volcanic eruption some 70,000 years ago. It is not entirely clear if this occurred as a dramatic drop, though there is apparently evidence that the Toba eruption did cause widescale disruption, and other evidence that suggests that in the past there were dramatically low number of Homo sapiens at times in the deeper past.

Do any of these meet the definition of "apocalypse"? Not in the sense of the term that means the truly complete destruction of the world. But most post-apocalyptic literature is not about that level of destruction either, because if you truly kill everyone off, there isn't much of a story...