I would like get a better understanding about what historians and people in the academia understand about the historic accounts of the Old Testament. What was the origin of the Jewish settlement is Judea? Who really wrote the books of Genesis, Numbers, etc? When were they written? What has been proven and what has been disproven by other historical sources?
Can you guys recommend me some books, podcast, online courses, blog posts, etc, on that subject?
Getting into this sort of research, you will find a couple of different schools of thoughts. There is Biblical minimalism and Biblical maximalism. The views go from almost nothing being accurate, and we can only point to something as being historical if we have outside confirmation, to the Bible being historical accurate regardless. It's largely a spectrum.
Israel Finkelstein is firmly in the minimalist group. An easy read from him is The Bible Unearthed. There is also a documentary by the same title that is quite good. He also has The Quest for the Historical Israel that is more of a debate between Finkelstein and Amihai Mazar. With this book you get more of a center view.
Another good source is William Dever. He is more critical of the minimalist view, but he also isn't a maximalist. Here's more towards the center. He has a few lectures on Youtube and has two books that are alright. What Did the Biblical Writers Know and When did they Know It? as well as Who Were the Early Israelites and Where Did They Come From. The main issue with Dever is that he spends too much time attacking other views. He has great information, but it sometimes gets messy with his polemic.
Going at this in a different manner, Robert Alter has a classic book called The Art of Biblical Narrative. He outlines more of a literary approach to reading the Bible (or specifically the Old Testament) and by doing so, shifts the focus of the text.
Two other great works, but are a bit more difficult to follow are Egypt Canaan and Israel in Ancient Times by Donald Redford and Israel's Ethnogenesis by Avraham Faust. The first book gives a nice overview of the history of Israel and how it is connected to Egypt and Canaan, while the second book dives more into the archaeological work.
Outside of books, here are some free sources that are quite good. First, Yale has an open course on the Old Testament: https://oyc.yale.edu/religious-studies This is probably a great fit for what you're looking for as it gives a nice overview, while also examining it in historical setting.
History in the Bible is a pretty good podcast as well. Its more geared to laymen, and I don't believe he is actually a Bible scholar, but rather a sociologist, but he does a great job of taking the entire mess of Bible scholarship and condensing it into an easy guide.
New York University also released a podcast called Ancient Israel, by Daniel Fleming. He's a great scholar, but he presents the work in a dry sort of manner. Definitely worth a listen, but just know it is rather dry.