A scholar named Georges Dumezil did exactly that in his book Archaic Roman Religion. He did that by comparing various Roman historical myths and religious practices with other Indo-European religions. For example, there is an episode in Titus Livius' Ab Urbe Condita Libri where Romans, led by Romulus, have to steal women from the Sabines. Romans are great fighters, but Sabines are wealthy, so they fight to a stalemate. It is all resolved in the end where they decide to join their strenghts. It's all pretty arcane and weird until you realize that the Norse have had almost the exact same myth, but with Aesir and Vanir.

Romans also had a priest of sorts, called Rex Sacrorum, or King of Sacrifice. He was adjacent to a king, and Dumezil pointed out that it is the exact same dualism as with Indian rajas and brahmans, or with kings and druids in Ireland.

The gist of it is that the Romans have translated almost all of their pre-Hellenic myths into historical figures, where Romulus corresponds with Jupiter.

The book has hundreds of pages, and it's really exhaustive, so I'd suggest getting your hands on it as soon as possible.