Greetings all,
I myself am keenly aware of the differences, especially in the fundamental differences between the two ideologies (the former being formed in direct opposition to the latter). But the purpose of me asking this is to getting a more holistic, comprehensive answer to this question. Because I often hear National Socialism compared to Socialism as if the two were analogous, when that couldn't be farther from the truth, and I'm not the most skilled fluently explaining all the differences and their nuances.
I appreciate anyone who takes the time to read and answer this.
The obvious difference is that the Nazis did basically nothing that was socialist. Killed communists, killed union members, etc. It was kind of a rebranding of socialism, reclaiming a somewhat derogatory word. Not only would the name associate them with an already established group, but it would attract new members of disenfranchised German workers. Unemployment in the Weimar Republic was something like 30%. A political party that appeared to be for the proletariat was appealing.
Communism was extremely popular. Weimar Republic affected poor germans the most. And then there was a worldwide depression that hit them even harder. People were seeing that capitalism was failing, and marxism was a style of government that could compete. Maybe a 10th of parliament seats were of the germany communist party. Ergo, they were enemies of hitler.
NSDAP was very much anti-Marxist. This weaves in with the antisemitism. One of the main reasons they made up for persecuting Jews was the false idea that they created Marxism, per the Protocols of the Elders of Zion. The brilliance of the Protocols was that it explicitly states that Jews are not the ones directly in power, but rather they have corrupt politicians to do their work for them. This allows someone to point at any enemy and say, 'look, this guy is obviously working for the jews' and then you have an excuse to do anything to them. So if you have an opposing political party, like say, a german communist party or socialist labor movement, now you have causation for persecuting them.
First chance they got, (might have been the Reichstag Fire) the Nazi Party killed and arrested as many suspected communists as possible. Sent them to concentration camps (not death camps yet, this would have been like mid 1930s), and consolidated more power via the enabling act.
It can be argued that the 'new deal' style reconstruction was a socialist thing. But what this fails to mention is that it was moreso a reconstriction of the military, building tanks, boats, artillary and whatnot. Not only did this give a lot of german workers jobs, but it rebuilt the armed forces which was heavily sanctioned by the treaty of versailles. Being a military officer was one of the most respected positions to have in germany post ww1, and when ~90% of the military was fired, it was extremely humiliating. Rebuilding the military meant rebuilding germanys honor, and in turn raised a lot of support for the NSDAP. Additionally, this was kind of the birth of a military industrial complex. You build an autobahn once, then you don't need to again, and then the money stops. Build a tank, well two years later you got a better tank so you replace all the previous ones instead. A constant flow of money from the taxpayers to the arms manufacturers.
hope this isnt all nonsense, i dont actually have any of my holocaust books nearby to confirm. read doris bergen's War and Genocide for more info
tldr nazis did nothing socialist, so if someone says otherwise they are either extremely naive or not arguing in good faith
"National" Socialism was distinct from "International" Socialism (which was the brand the Soviet Union wanted to spread around the world). It was very much about the well-being and strength of the nation and the "volk" (people) where the nation took precedence over individuals.
Much of its "socialist" nature was reactionary - it was as much about "anti-capitalism" (capitalism seen as a Jewish-run system) as it was about a worker's paradise.
There was disagreement within the NSDAP early on about the socialist component of NSDAP ideology. Many in the SA had been unemployed workers who believed in socialist ideas such as seizing the estates of the aristocracy. But many in the aristocracy had been courted to fund the party, so this was never going to happen.
The socialist elements were rooted out and destroyed following the Night of the Long Knives. After this, the party was not socialist in any real sense - it became a truly autocratic entity centred on Hitler, under the principle of Führerprinzip - the "leadership principle" saying Hitler's word was above all other laws.